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NEW YORK (AP) — A new government report shows that since the coronavirus pandemic began, the U.S. has seen 300,000 more deaths than it usually would.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been tracking how many deaths have been reported and comparing them with counts seen in other years. Usually, between the beginning of February and the end of September, about 1.9 million deaths are reported. This year, it’s closer to 2.2 million – a 14.5% increase.The CDC says the coronavirus was involved in about two-thirds of the excess deaths. CDC officials say it’s likely the virus was a factor in many other deaths too. For example, someone with heart attack symptoms may have hesitated to go to a hospital that was busy with coronavirus patients.The largest segment of the excess deaths, about 95,000, were in elderly people ages 75 to 84. That was 21.5% more than in a normal year. But the biggest relative increase, 26.5%, was in people ages 25 to 44. Deaths in people younger than 25 actually dropped slightly.Deaths were up for different racial and ethnic groups, but the largest increase – 54% – was among Hispanic Americans.According to a printed study in the Journal of Hospital Medicine, since the pandemic began, the mortality rate among hospitalized patients dropped by 18 percentage points.Researchers said the patients in the study now have a 7.6% chance of dying, whereas they had a 25.6% chance of dying at the start of the pandemic. 1465

NEW: Supreme Court lets Trump administration end census count early. No explanation given. Sotomayor dissents.— Greg Stohr (@GregStohr) October 13, 2020 166

New research suggests that antibodies the immune system makes to fight the new coronavirus may only last a few months in people with mild illness, but that doesn’t mean protection also is gone or that it won’t be possible to develop an effective vaccine.“Infection with this coronavirus does not necessarily generate lifetime immunity,” but antibodies are only part of the story, said Dr. Buddy Creech, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. He had no role in the work, published Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.The immune system remembers how to make fresh antibodies if needed and other parts of it also can mount an attack, he said.Antibodies are proteins that white blood cells called B cells make to bind to the virus and help eliminate it. The earliest ones are fairly crude but as infection goes on, the immune system becomes trained to focus its attack and to make more precise antibodies.Dr. Otto Yang and others at the University of California, Los Angeles, measured these more precise antibodies in 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and four housemates presumed to have the disease. Their average age was 43 and most had mild symptoms.Researchers found that the antibodies had a half-life of 73 days, which means that half of them would be gone after that much time. It dovetails with a previous report from China also suggesting antibodies quickly fade.The results “call for caution regarding antibody-based ‘immunity passports,’ herd immunity, and perhaps vaccine durability,” the California authors write.That’s true, Creech said, but other parts of the immune system also help confer protection. Besides churning out antibodies, B cells develop a memory so they know how to do that again if needed.“They would get called into action very quickly when there’s a new exposure to the virus. It’s as if they lie dormant, just waiting,” he said.Other white blood cells called T cells also are better able to attack the virus the next time they see it, Creech said.Although circulating antibodies may not last long, what we need to know is if and how people remake antibodies if exposed to the coronavirus again and if they protect against another infection, Alison Criss, an immunologist at the University of Virginia, wrote in an email. “We also need to know if there is a protective T cell response” that reappears.Vaccines, which provoke the immune system to make antibodies, might give longer-lasting protection than natural infection because they use purified versions of what stimulates that response, she noted.Creech agreed.“This shouldn’t dissuade us from pursuing a vaccine,” he said. “Antibodies are only a part of the story.”___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 2967

NEW YORK (AP) — Chelsea Clinton is extending her celebration of women to chapter books and the world of sports. Clinton's "She Persisted in Sports: American Olympians Who Changes the Game" will be published Sept. 22 by the children's imprint Philomel Books. The latest of Clinton's best-selling "She Persisted" picture books will include sections on Wilma Rudolph, Mia Hamm, and Venus and Serena Williams. Also on Monday, Philomel announced that a new series of chapter books will feature 80-page stories on women that Clinton previously honored. The series begins in January with "She Persisted: Harriet Tubman," written by the award-winning author Andrea Davis Pinkney. 679

Nick Ayers, the leading candidate to replace John Kelly as President Donald Trump's chief of staff, announced Sunday he will not be taking the job, reviving discussions about who will succeed the retired Marine general when he leaves at the end of the month.Ayers, who has served as Vice President Mike Pence's chief of staff for more than a year, turned down the position because he could not agree to terms with the President, a White House official told CNN.Trump pushed Ayers to commit to two years, but he declined. He has young children, he told the President, and wants to move back to his home state of Georgia. He offered to become chief of staff temporarily, but Trump was firm on a two-year commitment, and talks fell apart.There was also a significant resistance inside the West Wing to Ayers becoming chief of staff, two sources with knowledge of the situation told CNN. Ayers, who considered the top contender to succeed Kelly for at least six months, will leave his position as Pence's chief of staff at the end of the year to run the super PAC set up to assist the President's re-election campaign."Thank you @realDonaldTrump, @VP, and my great colleagues for the honor to serve our Nation at The White House. I will be departing at the end of the year but will work with the #MAGA team to advance the cause. ????#Georgia," Ayers wrote in a tweet Sunday afternoon.Pence thanked Ayers for his work as his chief of staff in a tweet on Sunday, writing "@nick_ayers has done an outstanding job as my Chief of Staff and I will always be grateful for his friendship, dedication to the @VP team and his efforts to advance the @POTUS agenda. Thank you Nick! Karen and I wish you, Jamie and the kids every blessing in the years ahead."Ayers' decision not to take the job came as a surprise since he had been lobbying for the position, the sources said. There was resistance to him being appointed from first lady Melania Trump and some senior staff, the sources said.The Wall Street Journal first reported that Ayers would not be taking the job as Trump's chief of staff.Trump told reporters Saturday that Kelly, a retired Marine Corps general and Trump's previous secretary of homeland security, will leave at the end of year."I appreciate his service very much," Trump said.Kelly's status had become endangered in recent months as his relationship with the President deteriorated. He was not on speaking terms with Trump in recent days, two officials told CNN, and their relationship was no longer seen as tenable. CNN reported Friday that Kelly was expected to announce his departure in the coming days.Now there is an open question inside the West Wing over who will succeed Kelly. Trump is considering four people, multiple sources told CNN.Trump tweeted Sunday that he would be making a decision soon on who he would ask to fill the position."I am in the process of interviewing some really great people for the position of White House Chief of Staff. Fake News has been saying with certainty it was Nick Ayers, a spectacular person who will always be with our #MAGA agenda. I will be making a decision soon!"One name being floated is Republican Rep. Mark Meadows of North Carolina, the chairman of the conservative House Freedom Caucus. White House senior staff asked outside advisers on Sunday what they think of Meadows for chief of staff, a source familiar with the matter said. Meadows speaks with Trump often.Another person familiar with the matter said Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin is a possible choice and would likely accept if asked, but there are some complicating factors -- like Trump's irritation with the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Jerome Powell, and frustration over the economy -- that could count him out. Mnuchin is also not seen as being politically adept as some other candidates who have held elective office, which was Kelly's main fault in Trump's view.A person familiar with the Treasury secretary's thinking tells CNN that Mnuchin feels very strongly that he can best serve Trump in his current role as top finance chief with a portfolio that includes top administration priorities. The source says that Mnuchin has never pursued this job or has ever considered himself for the role.There has been some support for him to be the President's chief of staff among Trump family members, who trust Mnuchin's loyalty as one of Trump's longest and closest trusted advisers, says the source. They think Mnuchin both understands the President and would work in his best interests.Even so, the source says Mnuchin feels he can best serve the President in his current job at Treasury Secretary.This source also brushes off criticisms that Trump is unhappy with Mnuchin over the economy's performance, saying the two men have only had positive conversations over the country's upswing in growth.Another name frequently on a list of potential candidates is White House budget director Mick Mulvaney. A source close to Mulvaney says that while his name keeps coming up for the position, he remains uninterested in it."He is happy where he is," the source said, adding that Mulvaney is not "angling" for the chief of staff job nor has the President asked him to take the position.A source familiar with the discussions tells CNN that Pence has started to have conversations with close aides about who will be his next chief of staff.One name that has arisen in conversation is his long-term adviser Marty Obst, who is still based in Indiana because he works in the private sector, but travels to Washington often and is frequently at the White House, according to the source.Obst traveled with Pence to Indiana on Friday afternoon after being in Washington that day, according to the source. 5734

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