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BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao held a telephone conversation with his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama on bilateral ties Friday, with both sides expressing the willingness to further the ties.     The Chinese president said China is ready to strengthen dialogue, promote mutual trust and expand cooperation with the United States in a bid to confront various global challenges together and push forward a stable development of the Sino-U.S. relationship.     Hu said the core interest of either country should be respected by each other and taken into consideration.     As the contagious financial crisis is still producing severe influence to national economies and people's lives, the international community should strengthen coordination and promote closer cooperation to stand up to the challenge, Hu said.     Describing the Sino-U.S. ties as the most important bilateral relations for both sides, Obama said enhancing bilateral constructive dialogue and cooperation is in the interest of not only the two countries themselves, but the world at large.     The U.S. side is expecting closer cooperation with China on major international and regional issues, he said, adding that the U.S. government is willing to join hands with China to develop a more active and constructive bilateral relationship.     Hu Jintao said China acknowledged U.S. efforts in stabilizing the financial market and stimulating the economy, adding that China is willing to further strengthen communication and coordination with the U.S. side in macroeconomic policies, and firmly oppose trade and investment protectionism.     Hu said China will join hands with the United States to work toward fruitful achievements in April's Group of 20 (G20) summit in London and promote healthy and stable development of the world economy and finance.     Obama said it is crucial for the United States and China, the two most important economies, to enhance cooperation.     Both sides exchanged visit invitations. The two leaders agreed to meet in the Group of 20 (G20) summit slated for April in London.

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's annual Central Economic Work Conference opened here Monday to set tone for the economic development next year.     Observers believed the three-day event would give priority to efforts to maintain stable economic growth.     They reckoned in 2009, China would see more risks for worse economic slowdown, more struggling smaller businesses, grim export situation and arduous task of transformation of economic growth pattern.     "It is imperative for China to maintain an economic growth of at least 8 percent," said Zhuang Jian, senior economist with Asian Development Bank's China Resident Mission.     It was hard for China to bear the consequences of a too slow GDP growth, Zhuang added, citing bankruptcy of numerous enterprises, more migrant workers being laid off and difficulties for college graduates to find jobs.     China's macro-economic policies experienced a dramatic adjustment-- from "preventing economic overheating and curbing inflation" at the beginning of this year to "maintaining growth through expanding domestic demand" at present. In the first three quarters, the nation saw its GDP growth slowed to a single-digit rate for the first time over the past five years, thanks partly to macro-economic control efforts and the ongoing financial woes worldwide.     "The Chinese economy has suspended continuous heating and proceeded into a period of slow down," Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the macro economy department under the Development Research Center of the State Council, commented.     "The slowdown was worse than expected," said Ma Jiantang, head of the National Bureau of Statistics.     Data from the bureau showed that the country's GDP growth was 10.6 percent in the first quarter, 10.1 percent in the second, and9 percent in the third.     President Hu Jintao said at the end of November that the Chinese economy was pressurized by global economic downturn, obvious ebbing of demand from abroad and weakening of the country's traditional competitive edge.     "Impact from the international financial tsunami on the Chinese economy has begun to show up, and to deepen into various sectors of the real economy," said Wang Yiming, deputy head of the macro economic research institute of the National Development and Reform Commission.     Since mid October, the Central Government has promulgated a string of policies and measures to prevent the national economy from sliding drastically. They included end of a tight monetary policy and commencement of a moderately easy one, shifting the fiscal policy from "prudent" to "active", starting projects to improve infrastructure and promote people's livelihood, and, expanding domestic demand.     The People's Bank of China announced tax exemptions and downpayment cuts as of Oct. 27 to boost the falling real estate sector. The minimum downpayment for a first-time buyer of a residence smaller than 90 square meters was reduced to 20 percent from 30 percent.     Interest rates on mortgages for first-time buyers were cut 0.27percentage point. The floor for interest rates was lowered to 70 percent of the central bank's benchmark rate.     The central bank cut benchmark interest rates by 0.27 percentage point as of Oct. 30, the third such move in six weeks.     The benchmark one-year deposit rate dropped to 3.60 percent from 3.87 percent, while the benchmark one-year lending rate fell from 6.93 percent to 6.66 percent.     Tax rebates were raised for 3,486 export items as of Nov. 1. The adjustment covered such labor-intensive industries as textiles, toys, garments, and high-tech products, accounting for 25.8 percent of products covered by customs tariffs. Rebate rates run roughly from 9 percent to 14 percent.     On Nov. 9, state councilors announced a four-trillion-yuan (583.9 billion U.S. dollars) economic-stimulus package, which was seen as the most exciting stimuli in 10 years.     To boost consumption, particularly in the rural areas where 900 million people inhabited, was important part of efforts to expand domestic demand, observers believed.     China has launched a scheme to subsidize rural residents for buying home appliances since the end of 2007. It is estimated that in a period of four years, nearly 480 million units of refrigerators, washing machines, color TV sets and cell phones, which were in huge demand among farmers, will be sold in rural areas nationwide. That means 920 billion yuan to be spent by rural consumers.     "There is still a large room for the government to mull more policies to boost consumption, such as raising the threshold for taxable income and increasing income for lower-income earners," said Cai Zhizhou, an economist with the prestigious Peking University.     Export has since long been a major driving force for the Chinese economy. Economists believed the stable development of smaller enterprises, particularly the exporters, which provided jobs for 75 percent of urban employees and rural migrant workers, was related to the stability of the enormous Chinese labor market.     How to prevent export from sliding down too fast is one of the top concerns of the Chinese government.     "It is no doubt that China's export situation will become more grim next year. However, if the country manages to maintain a moderately fast growth in foreign sales of machines and electronics, it will likely achieve a growth of more than 15 percent in export at large," said Mei Xinyu, a trade expert with the Ministry of Commerce.     China has taken a string of measures to boost development of smaller enterprises.     "It is necessary for the government to work out more detailed, effective methods to mitigate tax burdens and enhance credit support for smaller businesses, and to help them with their efforts to promote technical upgrading and explore more markets," said Zhao Yumin, another economist with the Ministry of Commerce.     The service sector, which was able to provide numerous jobs, was yet to be expanded substantially, Zhao added.     Zhang Xiaojing, a senior economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that it was definitely wrong for China to waive long-term goals for short-term interests. He believed that to promote the shift of economic growth pattern and maintain the sustainable economic growth would be one of the important topics for the ongoing Central Economic Work Conference.

JOHANNESBURG, Jan. 17 (Xinhua) -- Strengthening friendly relations and cooperation with Africa is an important foundation of China's foreign policy, and remarkable development has been achieved in China-Africa ties in the past year, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said here Saturday.     Yang, who was wrapping up a visit to Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi and South Africa, said China and Africa maintained high-level exchanges, and deepened their strategic mutual trust in 2008.     Last year, many African leaders paid official visits to China, or traveled to China to attend the Beijing Olympics and the Beijing Paralympics, he told Xinhua.     African countries continued to offer their valuable support for China on issues concerning China's core interests, he added.     Africa and China are facing new opportunities for developing their ties this year, Yang said.     Chinese leaders will continue to make the development of China-Africa ties a top priority in China's external relations, he said.     In recent years, top Chinese leaders have paid visits to Africa every year, he said, adding that more such trips are likely to be scheduled for this year.     Moreover, the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is scheduled to take place in Egypt in the fourth quarter of this year, with the aim of making a comprehensive assessment of the implementation of the consensus reached at the Beijing Summit of FOCAC in 2006.     In 2009, China, on the principles of sincerity and friendship, equality, mutual benefit and common development, will continue to strive to promote unity and cooperation with Africa, with emphasis on seeking ways to deepen pragmatic cooperation between the two sides, the minister said.     China will expand cooperation with African countries in infrastructure building, agriculture, telecommunications and human resources development, he said.     Yang said China attaches great importance to Africa's important role in such issues as Darfur, Zimbabwe, Somali pirates and UN Security Council reforms.     China will continue to keep close communication and coordination with Africa, strive to promote mutual understanding and mutual support, push for the peaceful settlement of relevant issues, and safeguard the common interests of developing countries, he added.

BEIJING, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, or Cabinet, appointed Friday nine new counselors and six new members of the Central Research Institute of Culture and History.     Premier Wen Jiabao conferred the appointments, saying this year was the 60th founding anniversary of the counselors' department and the 58th for the institute, both founded on proposals by then leaders Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.     The two institutions were a major part of the Communist Party of China's United Front work, established to unite all forces in the development the nation, as well as a component of the government work.     Wen asked the counselors and researchers to advise the government by collecting public opinions and grassroots information, play a supervisory role, and helping boost the country's cultural sector.     The global financial crisis had brought a new opportunity for cultural development as the confidence for dealing with the crisis relied on cultural heritage and scientific spirits, he said.