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WELLINGTON, May 24 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand researchers have found a way to stop the growth of certain cancer tumors by " silencing" a group of PAX genes, members of a small family of genes that play important roles in embryonic development, but also allow cancer cells to grow and divide in adult tissue.In an article published in UK medical journal Oncogene, Otago University Professor Michael Eccles and colleagues revealed how they used the PAX8 gene to kill cancer cells.After detecting high levels of PAX8 protein in the majority of kidney, ovarian and thyroid cancers they studied, the researchers used molecular techniques to silence the PAX8 gene in several cancer cell lines."We found that these PAX8-depleted cancer cells ceased growing and dividing. The cells were essentially stopped in their tracks through the failure of multiple mechanisms and pathways crucial to their cell division cycle. They then entered into a state called senescence in which they no longer divided, and after that they ultimately died," Eccles said in a statement from the university Tuesday.The findings suggested that PAX8 could be a good target for the development of new cancer therapies, he said."Any resulting drugs would be a long way down the road, but in the meantime this research helps confirm that a focus on PAX genes may prove to be a fruitful line of attack against a number of cancers," he said.The research was supported by grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. It formed the main piece of work carried out by Otago doctoral graduate Caiyun (Grace) Li, now a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University. Study co-authors also included Professor Antony Braithwaite and master's student Jen Nyman.In 2003, research led by Eccles discovered that proteins from one or more of the nine PAX genes were present in many common cancers. They found that "silencing" the gene expression of PAX2 in ovarian and bladder cancer cells, and of PAX3 in melanoma, led to the rapid death of the cells.

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhuanet) -- The elderly have a difficult time with multi-tasking as a study suggests that older brains behave differently when it comes to switching between two tasks, according to media reports on Tuesday.Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) to analyze brain activity in 20 people over age 60 by asking them to contemplate outdoor photos shown briefly. Then the elderly were presented with the picture of a face and asked to determine its gender and age, before being asked to recall details from the original scene they viewed.Researchers then compared their results to a similar experiment with 20 younger adults and found the brains of older subjects were less capable of disengaging from the interruption and reestablishing the neural connections necessary to switch back to focusing on the original memory."Unlike younger individuals, older adults failed to both disengage from the interruption and re-establish functional connections associated with the disrupted memory network," write Wesley C. Clapp of the University of California, San Francisco, and colleagues in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The study, published in the online edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, sheds new lights into a growing body of studies showing that one's ability to move from one task to another in quick succession becomes more difficult with age.

BEIJING, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- First snow fell in Beijing Wednesday night and continued into Thursday morning. It was the latest first snow for the city in 60 years.Beijing has had no precipitation for 108 consecutive days this winter.Local meteorologists said from 8:00 Wednesday to 6:00 Thursday, precipitation in Beijing averaged 1 mm."Now there is snow at last. I love the taste of snow." "The world in pure white! It's the most beautiful landscape in winter." Beijing residents who stayed late in the night and happened to see the first flakes of snow in the city left their postings on microblogs.However, meteorologists said the first snow won't last long and it will end on Thursday noon. In midnight, the city will have a cloudy weather, and Friday will be a sunny day."As the precipitation is small, it will have limited effect on easing drought," Song Jisong, the municipal meteorological bureau's chief weather forecaster said.Sun said that the capital city's record-long winter drought occurred in the winter of 1970/71, when there was no precipitation for 114 days. This winter drought was the second longest in 60 years.Meteorologists said the current snowfall will reduce risks of fire.The snow also affected the city's traffic. Local traffic control authorities estimated that there were more than 40 highways on which vehicles ran at a speed lower than 20 km per hour in the rush hour Thursday morning.The authorities said an emergency headquarters had been set up for the snow weather. Expressways connecting Beijing with Chengde, Tianjin and Tibet will likely have some sections closed for the time being.A spokesperson with the Beijing Capital International Airport Co., Ltd. said that by 6:00 a.m. Thursday, runways at the airport had operated normally, and take-offs and landings had been normal, with no flights delayed.The airport has also launched an emergency scheme. At last 64 ice removal vehicles had been arranged to ensure the normal operaton of flights.Wednesday also saw snowfall and sleet in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Anhui provinces and rainfall in the Yellow River and Huaihe River valleys, southwestern regions and the middle-and-lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley. And snow and rainfall will continue in the those areas Thursday.

WASHINGTON, May 20 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Friday approved Sutent to treat patients with progressive neuroendocrine cancerous tumors located in the pancreas that cannot be removed by surgery or that have spread to other parts of the body.Neuroendocrine tumors found in the pancreas are slow-growing and rare. It is estimated that there are fewer than 1,000 new cases in the United States each year.This is the second new approval by the FDA to treat patients with this disease. On May 5, the agency approved Afinitor."FDA believes it is important to provide cancer patients with as many treatment options as possible," said Richard Pazdur, director of the Office of Oncology Drug Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "The agency is committed to working with companies to bring innovative new therapies to the market and encourages companies to continue exploring additional uses for approved products."The safety and effectiveness of Sutent was established in a single study of 171 patients with metastatic (late-stage) or locally advanced (disease that could not be removed with surgery) disease who received Sutent or a placebo (sugar pill). The study was designed to measure the length of time a patient lived before their disease spread or worsened (progression-free survival).Results from the study demonstrate that Sutent provided benefit to patients by prolonging the median length of time they lived without the cancer spreading or worsening to 10.2 months compared to 5.4 months for patients who received placebo.In patients treated with Sutent for neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors, the most commonly reported side effects included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, high blood pressure, energy loss, stomach pain, changes in hair color, inflammation of the mouth, and a decrease in infection-fighting white blood cells.Sutent is marketed by New York City-based Pfizer.