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BEIJING, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang Sunday urged scientists to learn from foreign experiences and increase their participation in international cooperation in polar and oceanic exploration.Li made the remarks after meeting with members of China's 27th Chinese Antarctic expedition team, the 22nd oceanic expedition, and scientists working in the country's Antarctic and Arctic stations via video and telephone.Li said many countries nowadays attached great importance to polar and oceanic exploration, and international competition had grown in promoting the peaceful utilization of these resources.Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R, front) shakes hands with a senior Chinese explorer in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 30, 2011. Li conveyed Spring Festival greetings while meeting with members of China's 27th Chinese Antarctic expedition team, the 22nd oceanic expedition, and scientists working in the country's Antarctic and Arctic stations via video and telephone on Sunday."We are confident and capable of constantly improving our working conditions to conduct polar and oceanic exploration, and winning the initiative in this sector's future development," Li said.Li said the country would work to promote its marine economy and safeguard marine ecosystems, as well, and make full use of the achievements made in explorations to make reasonable development and utilization of ocean resources.China would also ensure the security of ocean passages, and safeguard its marine rights and interests, the vice premier said.Li also conveyed New Years greetings to the scientists for conducting research away from their homeland and families, and applauded their contribution to the country's progress in polar and oceanic research areas.

SINGAPORE, April 21 (Xinhua) -- Singapore's first locally-built satellite has been officially launched from a space center in India after a four-year delay, Singapore media reported on Thursday.The 105 kg fridge-size X-Sat was one of three riding on Isro's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C16) from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in India on Wednesday. It will be used to take photographs to measure soil erosion and environmental changes on earth, local daily Straits Times said.The launch at 12:42 p.m. on Wednesday was the 18th successful lift-off since the maiden flight of PSLV in 1994.The satellite was designed and built by Singapore's Nanyang Technological University and Singapore's defense research body DSO National Laboratories.Now in orbit, the satellite is establishing communication contact with the ground control in Nanyang Technological University, a process that is likely to take up to a week.The launch capped more than nine years of hard work by scientists and engineers. It also makes Singapore one of the first countries in Southeast Asia to have its own satellite in space. Previous satellite launched by Singapore involved construction efforts by foreign companies.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

BEIJING, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- A total of 248 people were arrested in China last year for involvement in food safety cases, food safety authorities said Sunday.The country dealt with 130,000 cases involving food safety last year, including 115 criminal cases, according to a statement of the National Food Safety Regulating Work Office.The cases touched upon such areas as production of edible agricultural produce, food production, food circulation, catering services and food exports and imports,"No major incident occurred last year, and the overall food safety situation maintained stable," said the statement.Last year also saw a nationwide crackdown on "gutter oil", usually made from discarded kitchen waste that has been refined, after media reports that it was commonly used by small restaurants.Since July when the State Council, or Cabinet, ordered the eradication of "gutter oil", 165.7 tons of edible oil has been confirmed to have been disqualified and produced by unknown sources.Chinese authorities since July last year have also cracked down on the use of undisposed tainted milk powder produced before the melamine scandal of 2008.About 2,132 tonnes of melamine-tainted milk powder was seized in the latest crackdown, the statement said.A total of 191 officials were punished for failing to do their duty in food safety enforcement, with 26 of them fired, it said.In July last year, Dongyuan milk powder, produced in west China's Qinghai Province, was found to contain excessive levels of melamine, a toxic chemical normally used in the manufacturing of plastics, which triggered the nationwide crackdown.It is the latest blitz on tainted milk products since 2008 when melamine-tainted milk powder killed at least six infants and sickened 300,000 children across the country.

LOS ANGELES, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Vegetarians experience a much lower risk of metabolic syndrome than non-vegetarians, U.S. researchers have found.Researchers at Loma Linda University in California based their findings on analysis of more than 700 adults randomly sampled from a long-term study of the lifestyle and health of almost 100,000 Seventh-day Adventist Christians across the United States and Canada.While 25 percent of vegetarians had metabolic syndrome, the number significantly rises to 37 percent for semi-vegetarians and 39 percent for non-vegetarians, according to the study published in the April issue of the journal Diabetes Care.The findings showed that the risk of developing metabolic syndrome is 36 percent lower among vegetarians than non- vegetarians.This means that vegetarians are less likely to develop heart disease, diabetes and stroke -- three major conditions that are closely linked with metabolic syndrome, the researchers say.The study also found that vegetarians, though slightly older than non-vegetarians, had lower triglycerides, glucose levels, blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Semi-vegetarians, meanwhile, also had a significantly lower BMI and waist circumference compared to those who ate meat more regularly.The findings will not be affected by other factors such as age, gender, race, physical activity, calories consumed, smoking, and alcohol intake, the researchers say."In view of the high rate of metabolic syndrome in the United States and its deleterious health effects, we wanted to examine lifestyle patterns that could be effective in the prevention and possible treatment of this disorder," says lead researcher Nico S. Rizzo, PhD."I was not sure if there would be a significant difference between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, and I was surprised by just how much the numbers contrast," he says. "It indicates that lifestyle factors such as diet can be important in the prevention of metabolic syndrome."

来源：资阳报