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RICHMOND, Va. — There has been a major drop in the number of people behind bars in the U.S. An analysis by The Marshall Project and The Associated Press found that between March and June, more than 100,000 people were released from state and federal prisons. That's a drop of 8%. By comparison, the Vera Institute of Justice found that for all of 2019, the state and federal prison population fell by 2.2%. As the U.S. struggles with the coronavirus, prison reform advocates are urging releases to halt its spread in correctional facilities. But their release, and how they behave when they’re out, is likely to affect the larger criminal justice reform movement. 671

Roman Catholics account for a bit more than 20% of the U.S. population. Yet they are on track to hold six of the Supreme Court’s nine seats now that President Donald Trump is expected to nominate Amy Coney Barrett to fill a vacancy. It’s a striking development given that the high court, for most of its history, was almost entirely populated by white male Protestants. Catholic academics and political analysts offer several explanations for the turnaround. They cite Catholics’ educational traditions, their interest in the law, and – in the case of Catholic conservatives – an outlook that has appealed to recent Republican presidents. Barrett, a favorite of conservative activists for her views on abortion and other issues, will likely be an ideological opposite of liberal icon Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Jewish justice whose recent death created the vacancy.Margaret McGuinness, a professor of religion at La Salle University in Philadelphia, noted that Sonia Sotomayor is the only current Catholic justice appointed by a Democrat. The others — Chief Justice John Roberts, Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas and Brett Kavanaugh and likely Barrett – were appointed by Republicans. 1187

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Chemicals used for carpets and anti-stain products have been found in water sources for 7.5 million people in California, detailing the extent of the problem as state regulators work to develop safety levels for the contaminants that have been linked to cancer.A report released Wednesday by the Environmental Working Group found variants of the chemicals known as PFAS in 74 community water systems between 2013 and 2019, according to data from state and federal regulators. More than 40 percent of the systems had at least one sample that exceeded the health advisory level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Communities served by systems with the highest detections of PFAS include Corona, Camp Pendleton, Oroville, Rosemont and areas of Sacramento.PFAS chemicals are used to make products water and stain resistant, including carpets, clothing, furniture and cookware. Two of the most well-known chemicals, PFOS and PFOA, have been phased out in the United States. But they don't break down easily and linger in the environment, earning the nickname "forever chemicals."RELATED: EPA: California homelessness causing poor water qualityStudies have linked PFOS and PFOA to a variety of health problems, including cancer, immune system issues and liver and thyroid problems. But there are thousands of variants of PFAS chemicals."One of the biggest takeaways here is we're not just detecting just PFOA and PFOS in these systems, but it's a mixture of different PFAS chemicals," said Tasha Stoiber, a senior scientist at the Environmental Working Group.California does not set maximum contaminant levels for PFAS chemicals or require water agencies to test for them. It does encourage water systems to test for them and offers guidelines on when they should notify the public. If agencies do test, they must report any samples that exceed the guidelines.RELATED: San Diego leaders present 0 million plan to solve Mexican sewage problemEarlier this year, Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a law allowing state water regulators to order more systems to monitor for PFAS chemicals and to notify the public. The law takes effect Jan. 1.Meanwhile, the State Water Resources Control Board is developing maximum contaminant levels for PFOS and PFOA. But those are just two of the thousands of variants of PFAS chemicals. Andria Ventura, toxic program manager at the advocacy group Clean Water Action, said setting standards for only two of the chemicals "sends the wrong message to the public."Ventura said she knows it is difficult to regulate for a class of chemicals this large, but "we need to start investigating how to do that, or how to at least get bigger chunks of these chemicals regulated."RELATED: San Diego Surfriders send 2,200 letters calling for Tijuana River clean-upWater systems have responded to the PFAS problem by taking wells offline, blending the contaminated water with cleaner sources and installing treatment systems.One of the highest concentrations of PFAS chemicals was found earlier this year in a well run by the California Water Service Company in Oroville. For every trillion parts of water, the sample contained 451 parts of six PFAS chemicals. That's more than six times higher than the EPA guidelines.Spokeswoman Yvonne Kingman said the company does not use the well to supply drinking water to its customers, but the company keeps the well online in case it needs the well for firefighters or as a backup should the main plant go offline. Kingman said the company tests for 14 types of PFAS chemicals.RELATED: EPA set to end California's ability to regulate fuel economy"The protection of our customers' health and safety is our absolute highest priority, so we've been monitoring this for quite a while," Kingman said.PFAS chemicals have been a problem near military bases because it is an ingredient in a foam the military uses to fight liquid fuel fires. A 2017 sample at a well in Camp Pendleton, the Marine Corps base in San Diego, contained seven PFAS chemicals for a combined 820 parts per trillion, or 11 times higher than the EPA guidelines.Camp Pendleton officials stopped using that well after the test, spokesman Capt. David Mancilla said. The base only uses the foam for emergencies, he said."The drinking water at MCB Camp Pendleton is safe to drink and meets or exceeds all regulated standards," he said. 4402

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — The California Assembly said Monday it denied a former lawmakers' appeal of an investigation that found he sexually harassed a lobbyist in 2016.Former Democratic Assemblyman Matt Dababneh had appealed the finding that he likely pushed the lobbyist into a bathroom at a Las Vegas party and masturbated in front of her while urging her to touch him. Lobbyist Pamela Lopez publicly made the accusation against Dababneh last December and submitted a complaint to the Assembly Rules Committee, which hired an outside investigator.The Assembly Rules Committee told Dababneh in a letter dated Friday that his appeal was reviewed and rejected.Dababneh denies harassing Lopez and is suing her for defamation. Representatives for Dababneh did not immediately respond to requests for comment.Lopez said she hopes the Assembly's rejection of Dababneh's appeal encourages other women to speak out about sexual harassment."This decision is an important step to uphold fairness, accountability, and equity in the workplace," she said in a statement.The lawyer hired by the Assembly to investigate the allegation interviewed more than 50 people and reviewed relevant documents, according to the letters released by the Assembly on Monday. In his appeal, Dababneh argued she did not interview some character witnesses he provided. He said he was denied due process because the Assembly didn't provide him with a copy of the investigation report.The Assembly says such reports are confidential and subject to attorney-client privilege.In his lawsuit against Lopez, Dababneh said he was forced by Assembly leadership and colleagues to resign his Los Angeles-area seat last year because of the allegations. He also said he has suffered depression and anxiety. He is seeking unspecified damages for defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress.Lopez's lawyer, Jean Hyams, said Dababneh's lawsuit is an act of retaliation and an attempt to silence women. 1981

SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — California's incoming governor said Tuesday his transition started with a "reality check" as the state contended with a mass shooting and two deadly wildfires.Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom appeared alongside fellow Democrat and outgoing Gov. Jerry Brown for the first time since he was elected California's 40th governor last week."That puts everything in perspective," Newsom said of the tragedies, standing behind a large brass bear that former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger installed in front of the governor's office during his tenure.Newsom said he's focused for now on staffing his administration. The governor appoints hundreds of people who serve at top levels of state agencies and departments. He announced last week that he'd picked former Hillary Clinton aide Ann O'Leary to be his chief of staff and Ana Matosantos, a former chief of finance for the state, to be his cabinet secretary.He and Brown did not offer details of their discussions."Pick an issue. We've had a chance to dialogue at least broadly about it," Newsom said.With fires raging on both ends of California, one of them the deadliest and most destructive in the state's history, Newsom sidestepped questions about what action should be taken against utilities if their equipment is found to be responsible. The fires started near the time and place where Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas & Electric reported equipment irregularities, but no cause has been determined."I'm going to assess the facts first before I opine," he said.Newsom called legislation enacted last year to improve forest management and protect utilities from financial ruin "a good first step, obviously a work in progress." The measure included money to clear dead trees from fire-prone areas and made it easier for utilities to pass along the costs of wildfire lawsuits to their customers. California is one of two states with a legal standard that holds utilities entirely liable if their equipment causes a wildfire.Brown said California is "pretty well maxed out" from fighting several deadly wildfires and he's grateful for the help from surrounding states and the federal government.He said the state is doing everything possible to prevent fires, but "some things only God can do.""This is unprecedented, or what I call the new abnormal," Brown said. "The winds are faster, the temperatures are hotter. The soil and vegetation is dryer. This is unprecedented. And it's a tragedy, and we as human beings have to be humble in the face of it, but also resolute and determined." 2568