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BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- As the U.S. President Barack Obama vowed to get "much tougher" with China on exchange rates and trade, economists from Beijing said China should not give in to increased U.S. pressure that stems from its domestic problems.Obama's talk of putting "constant pressure" on China to strengthen the yuan so to ensure the price of U.S. goods was not artificially inflated has drawn heated comments from economists in Beijing."His words are only aimed to appeal to domestic interest groups," said Tan Yaling, an expert at the China Institute for Financial Derivatives at Peking University.Given China's growing international clout and the lack of jobs in the United States, Obama will certainly try to make China change its currency policy as this is an easy way to weaken China's export industry, she said.It was also a relevant tactic given the President was losing ground in opinion polls and facing tough conditions leading up to the mid-term election later this year, she said.Although the U.S. economy recovered to 5.7 percent growth in the fourth quarter last year, a record high in six years, jobless rate surged to more than 10 percent.Fiscal deficit is set to hit 1.56 trillion U.S. dollars in 2010, or 10.6 percent of its GDP, a new record since the Second World War.In the State of the Union Address on Jan. 28, Obama made it clear he would focus on jobs in 2010 and pledged to double exports in five years which could create 2 million jobs in the States.Tan Yaling said Obama's export drive could not fix the job problem, while a stronger yuan would add costs for U.S. consumers.RESIST PRESSUREIt's an old trick for the U.S. to force its major trade partners to appreciate their currency to help itself in a time of crisis, said Zhang Yansheng, director of the Institute of Foreign Trade of the National Development and Reform Commission."China's reforms, including exchange rate reform, should be independent of other countries," he said.He noted China's currency policy should comply with the country's macroeconomic conditions and industry restructuring. As many exporters' sales were just starting to pick-up, a rising renminbi would hurt their fragile recovery.Many foreign experts also agreed that the appreciation of the renminbi would not remedy the global economic imbalance.A 20 percent rise in the yuan and other major Asian currencies would at best lead to a rise in U.S. exports worth 1 percent of gross domestic product, as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates suggested, said Olivier Blanchard, Economic Counsellor and Director of the Research Department of IMF."I think it's very important not to bash China over the RMB. What China should do, and is actually doing, is to decrease its saving rate, thus increase domestic demand, and reorient production to satisfy this higher domestic demand," he said in an interview with Reuters on Jan. 29.The renminbi has gained around 21 percent since July 2005 when the government delinked the yuan from the U.S. dollar. However, China's trade surplus with its major trading partners did not fall accordingly."The exchange rate of renminbi is not the main reason for the Chinese-U.S. trade deficit," Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ma Zhaoxu said Thursday."We expect the United States to view bilateral trade issues rationally and to negotiate fairly. Accusation and pressure would not bring a solution," said Ma.

BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- China should further step up social spending to push forward reforms such as health care, welfare and education to sustain its economic growth, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) said in a report on Tuesday.Although China's reforms have increasingly focused on the need for social cohesion in recent years, said the report, more efforts are still needed in various areas to improve people's living standards over a longer term.The fragmented system of welfare assistance, pension and health care should be unified, it said, stressing reforms on health care should be continued so as to ensure that provision at local levels is improved and eventually the different insurance systems are unified, it said.It also said China's registration system and restrictions on migrant workers' access to social services create obstacles to labor mobility, therefore should be relaxed.OECD groups 30 nations, mostly wealthy European countries, along with Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Mexico and Turkey.The report, the second of its kind since 2005, said China is now leading the world economy out of recession with the help of the massive stimulus package."The Chinese government's swift and vigorous action to support its economy has contained the impact of the global recession," said Pier Carlo Padoan, chief economist and deputy secretary general of the OECD.China may overtake the United States to become the leading producer of manufactured goods in the next five to seven years, the report said.However, Zhang Zhigang, chief economist of the Center for International Economic Exchanges, said that to well study China one should not be confined to consider the country's aggregated economic volume but take into account the per capital economic volume, as China is a very populous nation of 1.3 billion people."It is true that China is capable of putting man in space, but on the other hand, in much of its underdeveloped inland areas, oxen are still used to plough the farm", said Zhang at a ceremony to launch the survey.While stressing the rapid expansion of the Chinese economy, the report also touched upon some of the weak points China faces, including the country's over-reliance on foreign-sourced technology embodied in foreign direct investment.The contribution added-value made to research and development was only one-tenth of that in the United States in 2005, according to the 232-page survey.As for financial and monetary issues, it said China will "eventually require a flexible exchange rate regime with open capital markets".Greater flexibility of the yuan exchange rate could not be achieved in a short period of time and it requires a step-by-step approach with supporting reforms in the financial areas, said Padoan in an interview with Xinhua.

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- China said on Monday protectionism of the United States has "seriously affected" their trade ties and urged it to stop abusing trade remedy measures.The Ministry of Commerce spokesman Yao Jian made the comments on the ministry's website in response to recent U.S. decisions to impose anti-dumping duties on electric blankets and wire trays from China and an anti-dumping and anti-subsidy probe into Chinese steel drill pipes."Since the outbreak of the financial crisis, the U.S. trade protectionism has been apparently on the rise, and China has become the biggest victim of U.S. abuse of trade relief measures", said Yao.Yao said a recent accusation by a senior U.S. commerce official that China has set barriers against foreign investment was "totally contrary to the facts."China is the third largest export market of the U.S., and has been the fastest growing one for years. U.S. exports to China reached 77.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, driving down the U.S.-China trade deficit by 16 percent, he said."Absorbing foreign investment is part of China's basic state policy of opening-up," said Yao. "China has always been making efforts to provide a more open and more optimized investment environment for domestic and foreign investors.""Some countries themselves resort to trade protectionism, but turn around and accuse others. This is not only unreasonable but also not good for its own economic recovery," he said.

BEIJING, March 11 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese leaders joined lawmakers Thursday in discussions on the work report of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee.In the deliberation with lawmakers from northwest China's Qinghai Province, Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, said he totally agrees with the report.Li Changchun called on Qinghai authorities to further carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development and explore a new path of scientific and leapfrog development for underdeveloped regions.Li Changchun also told the deputies to step up efforts to promote core socialist values and ethnic unity.Vice Premier Li Keqiang joined the the discussion with lawmakers from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in which he underscored the transformation of economic growth pattern.Li Keqiang said the region should improve economic restructuring, reforms and innovation, as the current drive to transform the economic growth pattern offers a new historic opportunity for western regions.Li Keqiang also said he entirely endorses the work report of the NPC Standing Committee.In his discussion with deputies from Jilin Province, He Guoqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said the province should take advantage of national policies to boost its own development.When speaking of fighting corruption, He, also head of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC, urged more efforts to address the loudest complaints of the people, expand participation of the public, and strengthening the collection and analysis of online information.

NAIROBI, Feb. 12 (Xinhua) -- Achim Steiner, UN Under Secretary- General and Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) told Xinhua in an interview on Friday that China played a significant role in the process leading up to Copenhagen Climate Change Conference."I think China played a very significant role in the process leading up to Copenhagen, and in a sense it became very engaged at the highest international political level in the process," the UNEP chief said.Steiner noted that China took a significant step forward when it made its announcements of voluntary actions a few weeks before Copenhagen. And that sent a very important signal to the negotiations."We saw similar actions taken by Mexico, by South Africa, by Brazil, by Indonesia and also India. That created an opportunity," he said.Steiner admitted that Copenhagen did not deliver what the world had hoped, which was a deal among developed and developing countries to achieve significant agreement in reduction of emissions. However, he maintained that it was also not the failure that some people had attributed to it."I think in history it shall be written as a missed opportunity. We are now focused on moving forward towards Mexico and the world has an opportunity to reach an agreement," he said to Xinhua.On China's situation of environmental protection and carbon emissions reduction, Steiner said the nation has made rapid progress yet challenges still remain.He stressed that China has begun to take a different development path. Chinese leaders and people have started to look at development also from a sense of balance. And therefore environmental protection and sustainable development have taken a far quicker route of being addressed today than by some industrialized nations have done in historical terms."I think many of the measures the government is taking, from establishing a ministry of environmental protection to new legislation, to setting pollution standards, showed that in a period of just 10 to 15 years, China has walked a distance that some other countries had taken 30 to 40 years," he said.The UNEP chief added that "also let us be very realistic that environmental challenge for China is significant, and therefore effective action is necessary and urgent."He lauded China for including the notion of ecological civilization and the transition to a green economy into part of the country's mainstream development planning and the next Five- Year Development Program."To me it provides some very encouraging signs that we will see a very different economic development philosophy emerging in China. And this is also UNEP's mission to work with China in bringing the latest science and knowledge that have been developed across the world on green economy opportunities into the debate and discussions in China," he said.Referring to the upcoming Shanghai EXPO, Steiner said such big events can be not only a showcase for the country, but can also act as an experiment with policies, with new technologies and with new ways of management."The Shanghai EXPO, with the theme of 'Better City, Better Life, ' has put the quality of life, which is so closely related with environment management, at the heart of this international event," he said.Steiner compared the EXPO to the Beijing Olympics, saying that the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing provided many examples of innovation technology as well as environmental management initiatives. It is in his belief that the Shanghai EXPO will just stand in the same tradition.