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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco are working on a spray designed to block the novel coronavirus from hijacking cells in the body, like a biological mask or internal personal protective equipment.They’re doing it by borrowing a defense mechanism from an unlikely source: llamas.The team, led by UCSF graduate student Michael Schoof, engineered a synthetic molecule based on one found in a llama’s immune system that acts like an antibody but is one-tenth the size.Human antibody treatments, known as convalescent plasma, require a transfusion in a hospital setting. But this smaller molecule, called a nanobody, can be easily self-administered via an inhaler or nasal spray and rapidly manufactured using yeast, Schoof said.The scientists named their product AeroNabs. They say it could be an inexpensive intervention for treating and preventing COVID-19 while the world waits for a vaccine.“We don't know how effective vaccines will be. We don't know how long it will take to rapidly deploy them, so we envision this product as hopefully a bridge until there is widespread, effective vaccination,” Schoof said.Once a vaccine is available, AeroNabs could offer protection for individuals who are unable to be inoculated for health reasons, he said, or an early treatment option.The team is in talks with commercial partners and hopes to begin clinical trials soon.In the 1980s, Belgian scientists discovered that about half of the antibodies in camels, llamas and alpacas are shaped differently than the antibodies found in other mammals, including humans. Researchers later learned they could use a fragment of these oddly shaped camelid antibodies to bind to antigens.Those fragments are called nanobodies.Currently, there is only one FDA-approved drug that uses nanobodies. Caplacizumab was approved last year to treat a rare blood disorder.The team at UCSF sifted through billions of nanobodies to find one that binded best to the spike proteins on the coronavirus, then engineered it to stick even better.The coronavirus uses its spikes to enter cells and replicate; the spikes are essentially the pathogen’s key into the body. By coating the spikes with nanobodies or antibodies, the viral key no longer fits into the body’s receptors and the virus can’t get in.“This works in the lab. It needs to be translated into the clinic,” said Schoof.The team at UCSF still needs to figure out the best delivery method, whether it is a nebulizer, an inhaler or a nasal spray. 2524

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- San Diego County leaders announced that day camps, campgrounds and RV parks, as well as outdoor recreation can reopen immediately.The outdoor recreation activities include for-hire fishing and smaller charter boats.The news comes after San Diego decided to allow passive activities at beaches beginning last week.RELATED:Visitors notice difference at San Diego beaches on Memorial DayNot everyone is playing by the rules at San Diego beachesThose activities include tanning and laying out with a towel.Activities not included are sports such as volleyball and football. 597

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Residents in one City Heights neighborhood say they're upset their streets have become a constant "demolition derby."In the Ring video, a loud crashing sound is heard at night, before a frantic Yesenia Zepeda goes outside her home in late April. A hit-and run driver struck her girlfriend's car parked on Dwight Street near 47th Street. It is the second time her girlfriend's car has been struck outside the home in a 4-month period. "It's ridiculous and it's dangerous," said Zepeda. Last week, that danger played out again on her Ring camera, as a car collided with an SUV carrying a mother and a one-month-old baby, who appeared to be okay. "It was heartbreaking to see," said Zepeda. Zepeda fears more heartbreak may be just around the corner. "I hear screeching all the time," said Zepeda. She and other neighbors say crashes and close calls are a constant. "You really can't see anything at night," said Zepeda. Zepenia points to the dark street, speeding cars, a sharp turn, and one very narrow street. Other videos show just how tight that squeeze is. Sometimes, two-way traffic is not possible. Zepeda has contacted city officials, asking for streetlights, signage to help slow speeds, and turning a section of 47th Street into a one-way street. A city spokesperson issued the following statement: “In April 2017, a 24 hour traffic study was conducted and the data concluded that this location does not qualify for traffic calming measures. Although the data did not warrant traffic calming measures, in May 2017, the City installed 2 speed limit signs on Dwight and 47th Streets and painted a yellow centerline at the intersection of 47th and Dwight. The City will open a new case to re-evaluate this street segment for traffic calming and evaluate for street lights.” Corinne Wilson, Communications Manager for City Council President Georgette Gomez, issued the following statement: “Our office has been working with Yesenia. The corner was referred for a traffic study in 2017. Recently, we have requested that it also be specifically evaluated for additional signage and are requesting data from the SD Police Department regarding collisions. We will continue to work with the residents and City staff to address concerns.” 2263

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — San Diego County will plan their own guidance around trick-or-treating and celebrating Halloween next month while staying safe during the pandemic.County Public Health Officer Dr. Wilma Wooten said the county will develop guidance surrounding how to safely celebrate the holiday while adhering to public health orders. Wooten added that they will also take cues from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the agency's guidance as well.Wooten said the county plans to have those recommendations by the end of the month."During the cloud of the pandemic, we have to get joy where we can. So we will be awaiting CDC guidelines but we'll be coming up with a process, a protocol," said Wooten. "For example, a drive-thru Halloween event to allow children to don their Halloween costumes and we plan to probably have that codified by the end of this month.RELATED: Los Angeles County backs off trick-or-treating ban, but advises strongly against it"But right now, there is no discrete plan."Tuesday, Los Angeles County issued guidelines that banned trick-or-treating and trunk-or-treat, in which children take candy from parked cars, under the county health order. Wednesday, county officials walked back that guidance and said the trick-or-treating is "not recommended.""Trick-or-treating, we're highly recommending that it not happen," Los Angeles County Public Health Director Barbara Ferrer said. "We don't think it's an appropriate activity during a pandemic. ... You know, there's no guarantee when you go trick-or-treating that your child goes up to a house where the person who opens the door is wearing a face covering. And when you don't know the people opening the door, there's no guarantee they're not sick and that the candy they're passing out that they've touched may not be safe for you to want your child to be sharing."Wednesday, San Diego County reported 247 new coronavirus cases, bringing the region's total to 41,324. The county also has 22 community outbreaks in the last seven days.What's unclear is how California's new color-coded tier system to affect how any holiday guidance is established. Last month, the state issued a new tier system that divided counties into four tiers. San Diego is currently in the second tier, red or "substantial," reserved for counties with four to seven cases per 100,000 and 5% to 8% testing positivity. Wednesday, the county reported that one of those metrics, case rate, neared 7 cases while positivity sat at 4.2%. A county needs to display metrics in a higher or lower tier for two consecutive weeks before being moved to that tier. 2630

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Rising temperatures are increasing the wildfire danger in San Diego County. Monday morning's fires near Webster are the third group of fires sparked by homeless people in a matter of months. Neighbors in the area say they are getting nervous. Edna Wallis has been living in her home for three years. As the weather heats up, she says the brush behind her home becomes a safety hazard. "I start rinsing the patio when the days are extremely hot and dry," says Wallis. "We rinse it, but it's not much."Less than five minutes from her home, a fire sparked off Home Avenue early Monday morning. Among brush and a lot of trash, crews worked to put out the flames that started inside of a homeless encampment. "I'm nervous. I'm very nervous because I'm very close to this area," says Wallis. "All of the neighborhood is dry."There have been other fires in the area as well. A homeless camp caught fire near I-805 and I-15 last week. A blaze also sparked in the same area in March. This fire slightly backed up traffic as crews work to put the flames out that started inside of a tent. San Diego Fire and Rescue encourages everyone to report smoke or fires whenever you see them and do not assume some else will call. 1238

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