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Top health officials are considering “pooled testing” as a way to ramp up COVID-19 tests.Here's how it works:Instead of testing each sample individually, labs pool together a certain amount, like 10, in one tube with one test.If it's negative, you double check it, and then you're done.If there's a positive, you break it down either into smaller pools or individually for further testing.“So, there are advantages, mostly cost savings, that's the huge advantage of pooling, also the ability to go through a very large volume of specimens,” said Dr. Thomas Quinn, an infectious disease researcher at National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesQuinn worked in one of many labs that used the pooling technique during the HIV epidemic in the 1980s. He says the difference between then and now is the tests themselves.Pooling dilutes the samples. The HIV tests were very accurate, so that wasn't an issue, but with COVID-19, the tests aren't as reliable.The other problem is pooling takes more time in the lab, even with robotic equipment helping.“We need to get everyone tested and everyone wants to know what's the result of my test within 24 hours. That's very hard to do with pooling,” said Quinn.Quinn isn't recommending pooling for individual testing right now. He says it could be more useful in big surveys, when it's not an emergency. 1357

Top officials tapped with developing, approving and distributing COVID-19 vaccines say they're on track to begin distributing the first doses in the coming weeks and plan to vaccinate 100 million Americans by the end of February.In a press conference on Wednesday, Health and Human Services Director Alex Azar said the FDA would meet on Dec. 10 regarding Pfizer's vaccine candidate and on Dec. 17 regarding Moderna's vaccine candidate. The agency is currently reviewing both for Emergency Use Authorization.Both companies have been manufacturing doses of their candidate for several months in the hopes of ramping up supply in case of approval. Hundreds of thousands of doses of both doses will be ready for delivery as soon as approval is granted.Dr. Moncef Slaoui, Operation Warp Speed's chief advisor, stressed that the data from the vaccine trials are "clear" and shows both candidates to be safe and effective.According to Gen. Gus Perna, the operation's chief operating officer, the Department of Defense is prepared to deliver several million doses of both Pfizer and Moderna's vaccine upon approval. He said Wednesday that states are required to submit their "microplans" for Pfizer vaccine delivery to the Pentagon by the end of the week, and for the Moderna vaccine by the end of next week."The states know their populations the best," Perna said.Both Moderna's and Pfizer's vaccine candidates require two shots that need to be taken 28 days apart, and both vaccines need to be stored at ultra-cold temperatures before use.Slaoui said Wednesday that government officials expect 20 million Americans to be vaccinated by the end of December and that they project 100 million Americans will be vaccinated by the end of February.On Tuesday, an FDA panel recommended that health care workers and patients in long-term health facilities would be the first to receive the vaccine. Experts believe the vaccine will be available to everyone who wants it by spring 2021.Slaoui said Wednesday that government officials expect 20 million Americans to be vaccinated by the end of December and that they project 100 million Americans will be vaccinated by the end of February.Slaoui added that a one-shot vaccine candidate produced by Johnson & Johnson and a vaccine being developed by AstraZeneca could reach efficacy thresholds by the end of the month and that their approval would improve supply.Also on Wednesday, Azar stressed that new antibody treatments for COVID-19 are now available to any patients older than 65 who are not in the hospital. He also urged anyone who has recovered from COVID-19 in the last three months to donate their blood plasma to aid in those antibody treatments.The press conference was held the same day that officials in the United Kingdom granted emergency approval for the Pfizer vaccine. 2832

This week, JetBlue became the latest airline to say it will keep middle seats blocked longer. It will happen through September 8.Delta and Southwest are blocking middle seats through the end of September. But other major airlines, including United and American, say they'll be filling flights.An MIT professor Arnold Barnett is laying out what your risk is of catching the coronavirus if the middle seat is filled.Barnett looked at research on the transmission of the virus and the number of cases. He assumed everyone would have a mask and that the mask is 82% effective. He found 1 in 4,300 is your risk of getting COVID-19 on a full plane. It's 1 in 7,700 if the airline keeps the middle seats open.“The takeaway is there is a difference,” said Barnett. “I think that it is statistically safer if the middle seat is kept open. The difference is measurable and perceptible, and the question then is if the risk is incredibly low, who cares if it gets cut in half. Then the issue is do people really think this level of risk is incredibly low and individuals will have to make that judgment.”The probabilities are based on numbers from late June. With more new cases, it’s likely there is a greater chance now.Barnett doesn't agree with airline arguments that even if they don't fill the middle seat, passengers still won't be 6 feet away from each other.“They seem to say, look if you're within 6 feet, it doesn't matter if it's 1 foot or 5 feet, you're the same level of risk,” said Barnett. “This bears no relationship to the literature or to physics. I mean the closer you are statistically, the greater is the risk.”Barnett is submitting his research this week to be peer reviewed, but says he wanted to make it available publicly before then, so people could have the information.Lawmakers, passengers and flight crew unions have called on the FAA to set policies for containing the virus.The government says it is advising the airlines that even if it's not passing new regulations.Airlines for America, which represents the major carriers, says mandates aren't necessary, because airlines have already taken extraordinary measures. 2148

Tom Bossert has been pushed out as White House homeland security adviser, multiple sources told CNN on Tuesday.White House press secretary Sarah Sanders confirmed his departure in a statement."The President is grateful for Tom's commitment to the safety and security of our great country. Tom led the White House's efforts to protect the homeland from terrorist threats, strengthen our cyber defenses, and respond to an unprecedented series of natural disasters," Sanders said. 485

There’s a common anxiety dream that involves walking into a classroom to discover it’s the day of finals and you haven’t cracked a book all semester. Then there’s the waking dream a lot of Americans have — the one where you’re getting ready to retire but haven’t saved enough money to cover expenses if you stop working.Just six in 10 workers report having saved anything — anything — for retirement, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute, so a lot of people today may be losing sleep over their future finances.Even those who are making a diligent effort to prepare for their golden years are falling short: Data from workplace plan administrator and fund giant Vanguard shows that just 18% of workers save the 10% or more of income that experts recommend squirreling away for retirement. More than a third are putting away less than 4%. (Unclear where your savings stand? A retirement calculator is a good place to start.)Suspect you’re behind? Here are 13 ways later-in-life savers can address anemic retirement portfolios before it’s too late. 1080