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MOSCOW, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- A handover certificate on China providing Russia with emergency humanitarian aid has been inked in Moscow between the two sides, the Chinese embassy in Russia announced on Thursday.The document was signed by Chinese Ambassador to Russia Li Hui and Vladimir Puchkov, State Secretary and Deputy Minister of Russian Emergencies Situations Ministry on Wednesday.On behalf of the Russian government, Puchkov thanked the Chinese government and people for providing aid and support to Russia on the abnormal summer wildfires.Li spoke highly of the close cooperation between China and Russia in recent years on emergency rescue and humanitarian aid, and expressed hope that China could further strengthen cooperation and exchange views with Russia in this regard in the future.The humanitarian aid delivered by the Chinese side on Aug. 20 was worth three million U.S. dollars, including fire extinguishers, compressors, fire-fighting suits and gas masks.Statistics showed that the summer wildfires have cost Russia 15 billion dollars.

BEIJING, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- China will continue rare earth export and regulate export quotas according to World Trade Organization rules, said the Ministry of Commerce on Tuesday.China announced its first batch of 2011 rare earth export quotas at 14,446 tonnes at the end of 2010.The full-year quotas are under discussion and will be announced timely, said Yao Jian, a spokesman with the ministry, at a news briefing here.The country exported 35,000 tonnes of rare earth from January to November in 2010, up 14.5 percent from a year earlier. Exports to Japan, the European Union and the United States accounted for 86 percent of the total exports, said Yao.He said that it is normal that rare earth prices fluctuate with demand and supply and China acted responsibly last year to ensure basic demand for the minerals was met.China has noticed that other countries, such as the U.S. and Australia, have increased exploitation of rare earth in their own countries. "This will effectively safeguard the global supply," said Yao.With around 36 percent of the world's rare earth reserves, China supplies 90 percent of global demand.

QINGDAO, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese maritime authorities Thursday added two large sea surveillance ships to its fleet in a bid to better protect the country's maritime rights and interests.The two patrol ships, in the 1,000- and 1,500-tonne classes, respectively, were added to the North Sea fleet of the China Maritime Surveillance Force in the eastern coastal city of Qingdao.They will be used to crack down on violations of China's maritime interests, illegal use of Chinese seawaters and damages to its sea environment, resources and infrastructures, said Fang Jianmeng, head of the North Sea branch of the State Oceanic AdministrationThe ships will also patrol China's waters to monitor polluting incidents, said Fang.This is part of a 1.6-billion-yuan (241-million U.S. dollar) plan the State Council, or China's cabinet, unveiled in 1999 to add 13 1,000-tonne-plus sea patrol ships and five patrol helicopters to patrol the nation's waters.The first group of six large patrol ships and two helicopters joined the China Maritime Surveillance Force under the State Oceanic Administration in November 2005.A senior official of the China Maritime Surveillance Force, who declined to give his full name, told Xinhua that the agency has finished building the second group of three patrol ships and has purchased three helicopters."The remaining four vessels will be put into use before June this year," said the official, surnamed Wu.The fleet expansion came as China is facing an increasingly heavier burden of safeguarding its seas rights and interests, said Wu.China's Ocean Development Report 2010 released last May said the country's maritime rights and interests faced complicated situations and safety threats.These include sovereignty over islands, sea delimitation, sea resources disputes, protecting the sea environment and new challenges such as delimitation of the continental shelf, safe passage on the seas and terrorism, it stated.China has a coastline of 32,000 km and 350,000 square km of territorial seawaters and internal waters. It also has 3 million square km of its exclusive economic zone as recognized under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea."Given the large sea territory, China's maritime surveillance force remains weak, even after all 13 patrol ships join the fleet," said Wu. "They're far from meeting all of our demands."Even following the expansion, the fleet would have only 47 patrol ships, with 26 in the 1,000-tonne-plus class, Wu added.Apart from the three fleets under the China Maritime Surveillance Force that cover the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East Sea and the South Sea, the coastal provinces and municipalities also have their own regional sea patrol forces.The regional forces planned to start building 36 sea patrol vessels this year to expand the county's sea surveillance fleet, Wu added.The expansion is among the key measures that help protect China's maritime interests and promote a sustainable ocean economy, said Zhang Hongsheng, deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration.

BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhuanet) --The amendment of China's organ transplant regulations is being prepared and may be out in March after revision, said Vice-Health Minister Huang Jiefu."It will give legal footing to the Red Cross Society of China to set up and run China's organ donation system," he told China Daily.The organ transplant regulations that the amendment will update have been in use since 2007."With the amendment, China will be a step closer to building up a national organ donation system, which is being run as a pilot project in 11 provinces and regions now, and thus ensure the sustainable and healthy development of organ transplants and save more lives," he said.The Red Cross Society's responsibilities will include encouraging posthumous voluntary organ donations, establishing a list of would-be donors and drawing up registers of people waiting for a suitable donated organ.The long-awaited system will be available to everyone in China (excluding prisoners) wanting to donate their organs after their death in the hope of saving lives.Currently, about 10,000 organ transplants are carried out each year on the Chinese mainland. It is estimated that around 1.3 million people are waiting for a transplant.However, there had been a lack of a State-level organ donor system before a trial project was launched in March 2010. Currently, organ donations have come mainly from volunteers and executedprisoners with written consent either from themselves or family members. The process has been put under strict scrutiny from the judicial department, according to the Ministry of Health."An ethically proper source of organs for China's transplants that is sustainable and healthy would benefit more patients," Huang said.He said a trial project run by the Red Cross Society and the Ministry of Health, which was started last March in 11 regions, has led to 30 free and voluntary organ donations."As the pilot gradually expands nationwide, more people will be willing to donate in China."He said willing organ donors, who die in traffic accidents or because of conditions such as a stroke will be the most suitable.Huang stressed that a compensatory aid program for organ donations will also be necessary and he suggested that donors' medical bills and burial fees should be covered and a tax deduction offered, rather than a fixed cash sum paid.Luo Gangqiang, a division director in charge of organ donation work with the Red Cross Society in Wuhan - one of the 11 trial regions - said cash compensation in some areas has prompted potential donors to shop around when deciding whether to donate."Few details concerning the system have been fixed so far," he told China Daily.Luo noted that his region is currently offering donors 10,000 yuan (,500) in compensation, which is less than the amount on offer in Shenzhen, another area participating in the pilot project.He said the money is mainly from hospitals receiving the organs.In other words, "it's finally from the recipients", he said.Many of the pilot areas are trying to set up special funds mainly to compensate donors in various forms, according to Luo."Donations from transplant hospitals, recipients, corporations and the general public are welcome."The money will also be used to support the work of coordinators, mainly nurses working in ICUs, he noted.Luo also pointed out a pressing need for brain death legislation to be brought in to help their work. Worldwide more than 90 countries take brain death as the diagnostic criterion to declare death.Given the limited understanding among the public and even some medical workers about when brain death happens and when cardiac arrest happens coupled with various social and cultural barriers to removing organs, "legislation on brain death won't come shortly", Huang said.For the official standard, "we should advise cardiac death at present as a death standard for donations", he said.But he also suggested that cardiac death and brain death could coexist and that Chinese people could be allowed to choose which one they want as the criterion for their own donations, based on individual circumstances and free will."The health ministry will promote brain death criterion at the appropriate time, when people can understand concepts such as brain death, euthanasia, and vegetative states," he said.Meanwhile, efforts are under way including organizing training, publishing technical diagnostic criteria and operational specifications on brain death among doctors to enhance their awareness.So far, China has an expert team of more than 100 people capable of handling brain death related issues, Huang noted.

BEIJING, Nov. 10 (Xinhua)-- China will issue new judicial rules governing sentencing standards for cyber attack crimes by the end of this year, an official of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) told Xinhua Wednesday.China has become a major victim of online crimes such as hacker attacks, with eight out of every ten computers in the country having suffered botnet attacks, said Gu Jian, vice director of the Internet security bureau of the MPS.Botnet is a network of computers that have had malicious software installed in them and are under the control of criminals, while the owners of the computers remain unaware of the computer hacking.China criminalized attacks on computer systems in 1997, and made specific provisions on hacker attacks, such as outlawing the illegal control of another computer, in its seventh amendment to the Criminal Law in 2009.In most botnet cases in China, the controllers were found to be located abroad, Gu said.Moreover, more than 80 percent of the cyber attacks targeting websites of China's government agencies came from overseas, Gu said.Gu called for more international cooperation in fighting transnational online crimes at the fourth U.S.-China Internet Industry Forum which concluded Tuesday in Beijing.At the forum, China and the U.S. agreed to strengthen international law enforcement in combating cyber crimes, improve international cooperation mechanisms in this regard, and enhance communication on fighting cyber crimes.In addition to cyber attacks, other kinds of major online crimes included online pornography, online gambling and online fraud, Gu added.