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BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhuanet) -- British scientists used bacteria and DNA to build basic components for digital devices in a new research, according to media reports, suggesting biological computers come closer to reality.Digital devices are based on logic gates, fundamental building blocks in silicon circuitry, said Professor Richard Kitney, leading researcher of the research published in the journal Nature Communications, "Without them, we could not process digital information."According to Science Daily, Professor Kitney and his colleagues from the Imperial College London replicated the building blocks using bacteria and DNA, forming biological logic gates, which paved the way for building more complex biological processors in the future.The researchers hoped biological computers can be applied to monitoring human health in the future.They believed that small biological processors, inserted in human bodies, could roam inside the bodies, monitor the health, and correct any problems they found.These biological logic gates are the most advanced created by scientists. But there is still a long way to go to apply them in reality, said Professor Kitney.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

BEIJING, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- China's Supreme People's Court vowed to harshly crack down on bribery, abuse of power and malpractice in food safety cases as such illegalities have become top concerns for Chinese people.Chinese courts at all levels had heard 173 cases and sentenced 255 people in relation to the production and sale of unsafe food in the first ten months of this year, Sun Jungong, spokesman of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), said Thursday."China has seen a growing number of food safety cases in recent years with increasing difficulties for investigation," Sun said.According to the SPC, Chinese courts handled 84 food safety cases in 2008, and 148 and 119 cases in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The number of food safety violators sentenced in the past three years totaled 101, 208 and 162, respectively.The SPC also promulgated four typical food safety illegalities exposed in recent years.In the latest food safety scandal, four people in central China's Henan province were prosecuted for the crime of "endangering public security by using dangerous means" in July after they were found to have produced and sold clenbuterol, a poisonous feed additive that pig farms use to boost the output of lean meat.The spokesman said the SPC will strengthen cooperation with police and procuratorial organs to improve the efficiency of dealing with, and preventing food safety crimes.

BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- China's meteorological authority said Tuesday that the country's northern regions will continue to have sunny weather for the coming 24 hours, while the south will see subdued rain and snow.Temperatures in most parts of the country are expected to rebound slightly, the National Meteorological Center said in a statement on its website.But the lowest temperatures in the areas south of the Yangtze River will remain around zero degree Celsius, the center said.Meanwhile, rain and snow will subdue in most parts of the southern regions over the next three days, although freezing rain is forecast to hit Guizhou and Hunan provinces, according to the statement.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have increased the estimate of the number of humpback whales in the North Pacific Ocean, according to a paper published Tuesday in the Marine Mammal Science journal.The increase follows a refined statistical analysis of data compiled in 2008 from the largest whale survey ever carried out to appraise humpback whale populations throughout the North Pacific.The number of North Pacific humpback whales in the 2008 study, known as the Structure of Populations, Levels of Abundance and Status of Humpbacks, or SPLASH, was estimated at just under 20,000 based on a preliminary look at the data.The latest research indicates the population to be over 21,000 and possibly even higher -- a significant improvement to the scant 1,400 humpback whales estimated in the North Pacific Ocean at the end of commercial whaling in 1966."These improved numbers are encouraging, especially after we have reduced most of the biases inherent in any statistical model," said Jay Barlow, marine mammal biologist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)."We feel the numbers may even be larger since there have been across-the-board increases in known population areas and unknown areas have probably seen the same increases," Barlow added.The SPLASH research was a three-year project started in 2004 involving NOAA scientists and hundreds of other researchers from the United States, Japan, Russia and some other countries.It was the first systematic survey ever attempted to determine the humpback whales' overall population, structure and genetic makeup in the North Pacific.