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SCRIPPS RANCH (KGTV): At the top of a trail along Semillon Boulevard and Pomerado Road, right next to a sign that reads, "No Dumping - 00 fine," sits a giant pile of wood chips.It's been there for years, growing and shrinking in size. But right now, people who live nearby say it's as big as they can remember."Yeah, it is a little larger than normal," says Douglas Burns, who lives in a home next to the pile.The wood chips are from trees cut down by maintenance workers in the area. The work is part of the Scripps Ranch Civic Association's maintenance contract with the city. The workers take the leaves to the dump but leave the wood chips behind.Bob Ilko, the President of the SRCA, says it saves money on beautification projects. He says the city doesn't have to pay to haul the wood chips and tree pieces away or buy fresh mulch when they need it for landscaping.The wood chips are used to help with weed control and ground cover across Scripps Ranch."It's natural here, it's generated here, it stays here," says Ilko, adding that there's also an environmental benefit since it keeps all the wood chips out of city landfills.Ilko says the pile is larger than usual right now, but that's because crews have been hard at work clearing away dead and dying trees from the area.And while the wood chips are on city-owned land, that does not mean they're available to the general public."It's city property," says Ilko. "If people take them, it defeats the purpose of keeping the wood chips here to save money."He also says contractors are not allowed to use the area to dump their wood chips.When asked if the pile presents a fire hazard, Ilko told 10News the Fire Department has been out to inspect the area, and they say there is no danger of any spontaneous combustion."It's not mulch, it doesn't heat up and break down like manure or mulch," says Ilko. 1889

Scientists from all over the world recently returned home after the largest Arctic expedition to date.The Polarstern, a German ice breaker, housed hundreds of scientists who spent time over the past year to do research in the Arctic.“The MOSAiC Expedition is an expedition to the central Arctic. We took a ship, an icebreaker ship, and froze it in the arctic sea ice. It stayed there and drifted with that ice for a full year and that ship served as a platform for doing all kinds of research to understand the changing Arctic sea ice and the implications that has on the arctic system and global system,” Matthew Shupe, scientist and co-coordinator of the MOSAiC Expedition, said. He is also a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder.“MOSAiC really represents the largest expedition to the arctic ever,” he said. “MOSAiC is, I would say, very photogenic. It’s really compelling and captivating to all kinds of audiences.”But the data collected and changed observed during the rip serve a larger purpose than just beautiful, picturesque nature videos and photos.“The Arctic is changing. The sea ice is changing and we knew this,” Shupe said. “But when we went there the ice was thinner than we expected.”That change impacts a number of things. Shupe said as the Arctic changes, it’s opening for business. “It’s opening for cargo transportation, it’s opening for tourism.”It’s an indicator of larger changes as well.“Can potentially affect our weather, you can imagine the large scale circulation of our globe is dependent on things like a cold North Pole versus warm tropics and that affects the large scale circulation,” he said.The data these scientists collected over the span of a year will be used for global climate and weather prediction models.“These models rely on information, we have to understand the Earth's system in order to model it,” Shupe said.Hundreds of scientists from 37 different nations, all focusing on different projects, funded in part by U.S. tax dollars.“This is funded by the national science foundation, department of energy, NOAA, NASA, these are institutions that are funding this kind of research to understand arctic change and how it affects all of us," Shupe said.Next year, you’ll be able to experience the Arctic, too.“This planetarium film is an educational documentary about the MOSAiC Expedition,” said Lianna Nixon, a filmmaker, who spent a few months aboard Polarstern. She documented the expedition for a few months to bring the Arctic to everyone. “What we wanted to do was really express what kinds of science people were doing in the field and take that into your local planetarium.”The 30-minute film will be available at planetariums as soon as next year -- a 2D version will also be available.“The Arctic impacts all of us no matter where we live. The polar regions drive a lot of our global climate systems,” Nixon said.Expeditions to the Arctic have been happening for more than 100 years, but this new data collected by MOSAiC will be used in the science community for years to come.“MOSAiC is building on this history of expeditions to the Arctic,” Shupe said. 3131

Scientists, doctors and the public are eagerly waiting to hear how effective a COVID-19 vaccine will be and how soon it could be available to everyone. But when the vaccine is ready, some will be racing to be first in line, while others will be cautiously waiting to see how it plays out."Only about half of people get a flu vaccination polls are showing. In terms of the coronavirus, that’s saying that a third to maybe as much as half of the population will not want to get a vaccine," said Arthur Evans, the CEO of the American Psychological Association.Evans is concerned about whether people will be willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine when it comes out. How people are educated about the upcoming vaccine will be crucial."Right now, I think there are a lot of people who want to take a vaccine and to get a vaccine, but if people feel that this has been rushed, that they don’t feel all of the normal safety measures have been taken, it's going to be much harder for people to take that step," explained Evans.Dr. Bali Pulendran, a pathology, microbiology and immunology professor at Stanford University, says just because a COVID-19 vaccine is being expedited doesn't mean it's any less safe."It's a very established, lengthy process. It’s expedited now because of certain technologies such as the mRNA technology that really helps you accelerate this process," said Dr. Pulendran.He says the creation of a vaccine is rigorously tested, first with mice, then primates, and finally, humans. Tens of thousands of people are currently choosing to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials."And so, this is a development and paradigm that has served vaccinology really well. It's really served it well in terms of enabling the licensure of some 20 or more vaccines," said Dr. Pulendran.Dr. Pulendran says every year, the flu vaccine varies in efficacy. For a good year, it could be 90 percent protective, while the next year, the flu shot may only be 10 percent effective. The COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be 60 percent effective."I think for me, personally, if I saw a vaccine coming out in the next year or so that had a 60 to 70 percent efficacy, that to me would be very encouraging," said Dr. Pulendran.The public, though, may still need some convincing."One of the hardest things for the general public to embrace is the idea of probability. We like to know definitively if something works or not,” said Evans. “The reality is that a vaccine is a probabilistic issue. It's highly likely that you won’t contract, whatever the condition is, but it’s not 100 percent."Evans says the key will be in how the vaccine is marketed to the American public.Dr. Pulendran hopes any positive data and outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccine trial will encourage as many people as possible to get the vaccine when it comes out. 2823

SAN MARCOS, Calif. (KGTV) — Dos Desperados brewing in San Marcos was headed for a banner year until the coronavirus outbreak hit."We had all of our vats full and of course we had to shut down," said owner Steve Munson. "It's not a killer yet, We're trying to survive until the end of the year."Sales plummeted in the tasting room and distribution. Munson had to cut his staff of eight to two, even letting his own daughter go. It got even more complicated in early July, when the governor eliminated indoor service for bars and restaurants.But when Munson approached the City of San Marcos to get an outdoor permit, he says it went lightning-quick, something Munson never expected.San Marcos Mayor Rebecca Jones says it happened fast because the city already had the framework in place to streamline outdoor permits, with no fees. The city actually approved it in late May. Jones credits Innovate 78, a collaborative effort between the five cities that line the 78: San Marcos, Carlsbad, Oceanside, Escondido, and Vista. They've been working together on the economy for years."If you are not looking forward to what could happen next, you're not really planning," Jones said. "So we try to plan for the unknown, and I really believe that has come from COVID."Innovate 78 now plans to send a letter to Gov. Newsom seeking next steps for businesses now that San Diego County is off the state's watch list. 1411

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo says the U.S. is considering a ban on Chinese social media apps, including the wildly popular short video platform TikTok.In an interview Monday with Fox News' Laura Ingraham, Pompeo said people should only download the app if they want their private information in the hands of the Chinese Communist Party.TikTok is owned by ByteDance, a company based in Beijing. Though the app has said that it operates independently from the Chinese government, it also claims its data centers are located outside China and not subject to Chinese law.Pompeo's remarks came hours ahead of an announcement by TikTok that said it would no longer operate the app in Hong Kong.The company said Tuesday in a statement that it had decided to halt operations "in light of recent events."TikTok's departure from Hong Kong comes as various social media platforms and messaging apps — including Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, Google and Twitter — balk at the possibility of providing user data to Hong Kong authorities.The social media companies say they are assessing the ramifications of the national security law.India banned TikTok earlier this month amid a border standoff between Chinese and Indian troops. 1226

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