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WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult laboratory mice that had been bred to have the inherited blood disorder by activating production of a special blood component, according to a study published online Thursday in the journal Science.Sickle cell disease results from an abnormality in hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. People living with sickle cell disease have two copies of an altered gene that produces sickle hemoglobin instead of normal adult hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin changes shape after releasing its oxygen, causing the red blood cell to become stiff, misshapen and sticky, and slowing blood flow to tissues. This process damages organs and causes pain.The study tested a new approach to increasing the production of a third form of hemoglobin -- fetal hemoglobin. Production of fetal hemoglobin predominates before birth, but turns off thereafter as adult hemoglobin production takes over. People with sickle cell disease are unable to make normal adult hemoglobin, and instead make sickle hemoglobin starting in infancy.An elevated level of fetal hemoglobin within the red blood cell reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change the shape of red blood cells. Considerable research has shown that the drug hydroxyurea increases production of fetal hemoglobin and reduces the number of pain crises and other complications of sickle cell disease in adults and children. However, not all patients respond well to hydroxyurea, and adverse side effects are a concern.The current study explores a more targeted approach to increasing fetal hemoglobin production. It builds upon earlier studies that discovered a protein called BCL11A normally suppresses the production of fetal hemoglobin soon after birth. The researchers viewed the BCL11A protein as a target for therapy and decided to see what would happen if they blocked production of the protein.The paper details how the research team silenced the mouse gene that produces the BCL11A protein in mice with sickle cell disease. Silencing the gene turned off production of the BCL11A protein and allowed the adult mice to continue to produce fetal hemoglobin. It appears to have eliminated disease symptoms without affecting other aspects of blood production."This discovery provides an important new target for future therapies in people with sickle cell disease," said Susan Shurin, acting director of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which co-funded the study. "More work is needed before it will be possible to test such therapies in people, but this study demonstrates that the approach works in principle."Approximately 100,000 Americans live with sickle cell disease. It is most prevalent in people of African, Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. There is no widely available cure for sickle cell disease. Bone marrow transplants have cured some patients, but the treatment is not without risk and most patients do not have relatives who can donate compatible and healthy bone marrow to them.

BEIJING, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media organizations on Thursday unveiled the top 10 domestic and international news events of 2011.The selection of news events, the eighth of its kind in China, was jointly carried out by 46 major online media providers, including people.com.cn and Xinhuanet.com.The following are the top 10 domestic news events of 2011:-- China launched a series of tough government measures to cool off the property market, including higher mortgage rates, a ban on third-home mortgage loans and purchase restrictions. The State Council, or China's Cabinet, introduced a policy package urging enhanced efforts to ensure the healthy development of the property sector and to promote the construction of affordable housing units for low-income families.-- More than 90 central government departments publicized their 2010 and 2011 spending on government-funded overseas travel, receptions and official cars upon an order issued after an executive meeting of the State Council in May.-- China's amended Criminal Law criminalized all drunk driving incidents starting May 1. The previous law imposed criminal penalties on drunk drivers only when they caused serious traffic accidents.-- Food safety scandals erupted in great number in 2011. Authorities busted farmers for adding clenbuterol, a known carcinogen, to pig feed in order to grow leaner pigs.-- In a speech delivered on July 1 at a ceremony marking the 90th founding anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Hu Jintao, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, hailed the Party's achievements and stressed efforts for the future development of the country and the Party.-- On July 23, a high-speed train rammed into a stalled train near the city of Wenzhou in the eastern province of Zhejiang, leaving 40 dead and 191 injured.-- The launch and safe return of the Shenzhou-8 unmanned spacecraft marked the successful completion of China's first space docking mission, with the spacecraft docking with the Tiangong-1 space lab module.-- A gathering was held on Oct. 9 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of China's 1911 Revolution, which ended 2,000 years of imperial rule in the country by toppling the Qing Dynasty.-- The 17th Central Committee of the CPC concluded its sixth plenary session in October, adopting a landmark guideline for improving the nation's cultural soft power and promoting Chinese culture. The CPC Central Committee also pledged enhanced efforts to promote the healthy and positive development of Internet culture.-- Ethics and morality were heavily discussed in the public sphere, with two incidents stoking debate. In July, a woman in east China's city of Hangzhou caught a two-year-old girl who plunged from the window of a 10th-floor apartment, winning praise from people across the country. However, in late August, a bus driver in east China's Jiangsu province stopped to save an old woman who was hit by a three-wheeled vehicle, only to find himself held accountable for the accident.The following are the top 10 international news events of 2011:-- Strong turbulence was encountered by several countries in western Asia and northern Africa.-- On March 11, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck Japan and triggered a huge tsunami, killing over 15,000 people and causing radioactive leaks from several reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.-- On May 1, U.S. Navy commandos killed al-Qaida leader Osama Bin Laden in a cross-border raid at Abbotabad.-- On July 10, Rupert Murdoch's News International company closed its News of the World tabloid after it was accused of hacking the mobile phones of dead crime victims to access saved messages.-- With the world economy staggering under the European and U.S. debt crises, the Occupy Wall Street movement was launched on Sept. 17, protesting corruption and greed in the financial sector.-- Apple co-founder and longtime Chief Executive Officer Steve Jobs passed away in October at the age of 56 after years of fighting pancreatic cancer.-- On March 19, NATO launched airstrikes in Libya to impose a no-fly zone under a UN Security Council resolution. On Oct. 20, Libya's former leader Muammar Gaddafi was killed as his hometown of Sirte fell to rebel forces.-- A report published by the UN Population Fund showed that the world's population reached 7 billion on Oct. 31, 2011.-- On March 7, U.S. credit rating agency Moody's Investors Service downgraded the credit rating of the Greek sovereign debt to B1, marking the start of the European sovereign debt crisis and worsening the economic situation in the eurozone.-- Kim Jong Il, the top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), died on Dec. 17, 2011 from "a great mental and physical strain."

BEIJING, Jan. 3 (Xinhua) -- A collection of China's nine white papers issued in 2011 has been published in both Chinese and English, according to a statement issued by the publisher on Tuesday.By giving a clear and precise illustration of China's policies, principles and progress in subjects like national defense, law, climate change and international trade, the white papers can help the world know about, and understand, China, the statement said.The white papers are titled, "China's National Defense in 2010," "China's Foreign Aid," "Sixty Years Since the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet," "China's Peaceful Development," "The Socialist System of Laws with Chinese Characteristics," "New Progress in Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Program for Rural China," "China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2011)," "China's Foreign Trade" and "China's Space Activities in 2011."The white papers were all published by the Information Office of the State Council on behalf of the Chinese government.The latest one on space activities was issued last Thursday.

BEIJING, Jan. 8 (Xinhua) -- China started the Spring Festival peak travel season Sunday, with tens of millions of passengers, mainly migrant workers and college students, on the move in the world's largest seasonal migration.The Spring Festival, or Chinese Lunar New Year, fall on Jan. 23 this year. It is the most important traditional Chinese festival for family reunions.A total of 3.16 billion passenger trips are expected during the 40-day peak travel season, or Chunyun (Spring transportation) in Chinese, up 9.1 percent from a year earlier, according to the National Development and Reform Commission.

BEIJING, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists are developing new methods like spraying or dropping hepatitis vaccines into people's noses to replace traditional injections, according to a leading expert on immunology.Such researches were sponsored by a key national science project, according to Wen Yumei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, also the chairwoman of the 14th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, which is scheduled to be held in Shanghai next July.At a press conference held here Friday for the symposium, experts believed that broad-coverage inoculations is an effective way in facilitating the country's goal in controlling Hepatitis B.China's Ministry of Health has also credited its national immunization program for having protected about 80 million people from being infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the 19 years after 1992.Recent report showed that about 93 million Chinese are HBV carriers, accounting for more than a quarter of the world's total.