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You can think of NASA's Discovery program as a sort of outer-space American Idol: every few years the agency invites scientists to propose unmanned planetary missions. The projects have to address some sort of fundamental science question, and (this is the tough part) they have to be relatively cheap to pull off — say, half a billion dollars or so. Then the proposals go through a grueling competition before judges who aren't as nasty as Simon Cowell but who are every bit as tough. The one left standing at the end gets the equivalent of a recording contract: NASA supplies the funding and the launch vehicle, and away the winner goes — to orbit Mercury, as the Messenger spacecraft is doing right now; or to rendezvous with a couple of asteroids, as the Dawn mission will start doing this July; or to smash into a comet on purpose, a feat achieved by Deep Impact in 2005, a mission not to be confused with the movie of the same name. Now it's time for the next contenders. NASA has just announced that the first round of the latest Discovery competition is over, with three entries out of 28 moving on to the finals. They are, in increasing distance from Earth: the Geophysical Monitoring Station (GEMS) lander, which would use seismometers to study the interior of Mars; the Comet Hopper, which would do just that, leaping from place to place across the surface of Comet 46P/Wirtanen to see how different parts of the tumbling body react to heating by the sun; and the Titan Mare Explorer (TiME), which would plop into a sea of liquid hydrocarbons on Saturn's moon Titan — the first oceangoing vessel ever to set sail on another world. If you had to come up with a theme that ties all three missions together, it would be "origins." The Titan explorer, for example, will be studying a place that — in a crude way, at least — resembles the early planet Earth at a time when life arose here. Titan, with a thick atmosphere and a bizarro-world form of weather featuring toxic winds and hydrocarbon rain, is home to a mix of complex chemistry, complete with organic molecules. The oceans provide a medium in which the molecules can move around and interact with each other. It's even conceivable, though clearly a long shot, that some form of microscopic life already exists on this frigid moon. The Mars lander, by contrast, would visit a place where the seas — plain water in this case — vanished long ago. But the mission of GEMS goes far deeper than that. By analyzing Marsquakes on the Red Planet, GEMS will try to get a handle on what the interior of Mars is like. Scientists don't currently know whether the planet's core is liquid, like Earth's, or solid, or some mushy consistency in between. It all depends on how efficiently Mars has cooled since it formed 4.5 billion years ago, and that depends in turn on the planet's internal structure. "That's the mission," says Bruce Banerdt, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the lead scientist for GEMS. "We want to understand how Mars was built." Along with sensitive seismographic equipment, GEMS will drill down about 20 ft. (6 m) with a thermometer-equipped probe, trying to figure out how quickly the temperature rises with depth. "That will let us extrapolate all the way down to the center," Banerdt says, "which will tell us how fast Mars is cooling."

CHICAGO, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao, on a trip to the United States, Friday visited an exhibition of companies operating in the U.S. Midwest.Most companies present at the exhibition, which was held in Chicago's suburban city of Woodridge, are Chinese-funded ones.During the visit, Hu encouraged Chinese companies operating in the United States to play a bigger role in promoting economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.Chinese President Hu Jintao visits an exhibition of companies operating in the U.S. Midwest, in Chicago, the United States, Jan. 21, 2011. Most companies present at the exhibition are Chinese-funded ones.The success of Chinese companies in the United States is a specific example of the China-U.S. mutually beneficial cooperation, he added.The operation of these companies not only yields profits for themselves, but adds momentum to economic development in the U.S. Midwest.Hu flew to Chicago after finishing a visit to Washington Thursday afternoon.He will wrap up his four-day state visit to the United States later Friday.

GUIYANG, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang has called for providing more support to the country's less developed regions, saying priority should be placed on improving the people's livelihood.He made the remarks during an inspection tour to Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Guiyang City in southwest China's Guizhou Province from Feb. 11 to 13, according to an official statement Xinhua received Sunday.Li said more attention should be directed to improve people's living standards as China is making efforts to achieve its strategic goals of development.During his tour, Li visited some residents' homes at a poor village in Libo County of Qiannan.He called for greater efforts to improve people's livelihood, a step which would help boost domestic demand and facilitate the transformation of the nation's economic growth mode.Li urged local authorities to work well on the safety of drinking water, road construction in rural areas, and the remodeling of old houses. In particular, schools should be made accessible for children from poor homes.Further, he demanded greater efforts from local governments to improve the health care system that covers the three levels of county, township and village, and relieving the financial burden of the masses in health care services.In Guiyang, Li inspected a local company in constructing affordable housing for low-income earners and visited poor homes in Yunyan district. He said greater efforts should be made in accelerating the supply of affordable housing for those in need.

BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), China's top political advisory body, opened its door to 43 correspondents from 33 overseas media outlets on Wednesday, 10 days ahead of its upcoming annual session.It was the first time that the top political advisory body invited a group of overseas journalists, including those from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, to tour its work place, which used to be the site of an imperial compound 100 years ago.The media tour was hailed by Zhao Qizheng, head of the CPPCC's Committee of Foreign Affairs, as a move that reflects the "enhanced openness" of the CPPCC.During the tour, resident reporters from countries and regions such as the United States, Russia, Germany and Japan visited the CPPCC auditorium and a gallery that exhibits the agency's history and its role in Chinese political life through numerous pictures and relics.Located in downtown Beijing, the CPPCC was established on September 21, 1949. It is a patriotic united front organization for Chinese people and serves as a key mechanism for multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).The main functions of the CPPCC are to conduct political consultations, exercise democratic supervision and participate in the discussion and the handling of state affairs. Reporters raised many questions during the visit.Watanabe Yasuhito, a staff correspondent for the Kyodo News China General Bureau, has been working in China for four years. "As Japan doesn't have similar institutions like the CPPCC, the Japanese generally have little idea of it," he said. "I now have a more direct idea of the system by actually walking into the CPPCC."He told Xinhua that Kyodo News would send eight reporters to the upcoming two annual sessions of China's National People's Congress (NPC), its national legislature and the CPPCC, as many Japanese pay close attention to the major political events in China.He said the 12th Five-Year Program and hot economic issues are among their key concerns. At a one-hour seminar held during the tour, five reporters put forward nearly 10 questions to Zhao Qizheng.Ananth Krishnan, the China correspondent of the Hindu, India's national newspaper, has covered the "two sessions" several times. "I think the next five year plan will be one of the most important issues," he said."We will be interested to see whether there are any new policies in terms of China addressing environmental challenges," he said.He added that he focused on China's reform for the household registration system at the sessions last year so that he could see how China addressed the gap between urban and rural areas."There are similar developmental challenges between India and China since we are both large developing countries with more poverty in rural populations. So we are interested to see how China is addressing the challenges," he said.With the application still going on, overseas reporters who are to cover this year's annual CPPCC session are expected to exceed 1,100, similar to the figure last year, said Zhang Jing'an, head of the Bureau of News Service of the CPPCC's National Committee.Zhang said that besides the three news conferences in the Great Hall of People, five press conferences are devoted to issues such as China's urbanization, scientific innovation, culture and education. Conferences will also be arranged in the news center following annual sessions.Also, the number of panel discussions that were open to the media increased from more than 30 in 2007 to 122 in 2010, Zhang said.Zhao Qizheng told overseas reporters that "the CPPCC will continue to enhance openness during the upcoming session and welcome reporters from both here and abroad to cover the session."China's two annual sessions, the fourth session of the National Committee of the 11th CPPCC and the fourth session of the 11th NPC, will open on March 3 and March 5, respectively.

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhuanet) -- The number of Alzheimer patients is growing rapidly, so is that of unpaid caregivers, says a report released Tuesday by the Alzheimer's Association.Nearly 15 million caregivers, most of them family members but also friends, are providing billions of hours of unpaid care for Alzheimer's patients and other forms of dementia in the U.S. — 37 percent more than last year, the report says.Alzheimer's is the sixth leading cause of death in the nation, and the only one among the top 10 that have no prevention or cure, says William Thies, chief medical and scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association.However, if people were more aware of early symptoms and were diagnosed sooner, then planning could help ease stress on patients and caregivers, according to Beth Kallmyer, senior director of constituent services of Alzheimer's Association."The toll on families is devastating," says Kallmyer, "Stress is extremely high, and one-third are experiencing depression."The time and stress of caring for an Alzheimer’s patient takes a physical toll, translating into nearly 8 billion dollars worth of extra health care costs for caregivers, the report says.

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