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The first experimental COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S. is on track to begin a huge study next month to prove if it really can fend off the coronavirus, while hard-hit Brazil is testing a different shot from China.Where to do crucial, late-stage testing and how many volunteers are needed to roll up their sleeves are big worries for health officials as the virus spread starts tapering off in parts of the world.Moderna Inc. said Thursday the vaccine it is developing with the National Institutes of Health will be tested in 30,000 people in the U.S. Some will get the real shot and some a dummy shot, as scientists carefully compare which group winds up with the most infections.With far fewer COVID-19 cases in China, Sinovac Biotech turned to Brazil, the epicenter of Latin America’s outbreak, for at least part of its final testing. The government of S?o Paulo announced Thursday that Sinovac will ship enough of its experimental vaccine to test in 9,000 Brazilians starting next month.If it works, “with this vaccine we will be able to immunize millions of Brazilians,” said S?o Paulo′s Gov. Joao Doria.Worldwide, about a dozen COVID-19 potential vaccines are in early stages of testing. The NIH expects to help several additional shots move into those final, large-scale studies this summer, including one made by Oxford University that’s also being tested in a few thousand volunteers in Brazil.There’s no guarantee any of the experimental shots will pan out.But if all goes well, “there will be potential to get answers” on which vaccines work by the end of the year, Dr. John Mascola, who directs NIH’s vaccine research center, told a meeting of the National Academy of Medicine on Wednesday.Vaccines train the body to recognize a virus and fight back, and specialists say it’s vital to test shots made in different ways — to increase the odds that at least one kind will work.Sinovac’s vaccine is made by growing the coronavirus in a lab and then killing it. So-called “whole inactivated” vaccines are tried-and-true, used for decades to make shots against polio, flu and other diseases — giving the body a sneak peek at the germ itself — but growing the virus is difficult and requires lab precautions.The vaccine made by the NIH and Moderna contains no actual virus. Those shots contain the genetic code for the aptly named “spike” protein that coats the surface of the coronavirus. The body’s cells use that code to make some harmless spike protein that the immune system reacts to, ready if it later encounters the real thing. The so-called mRNA vaccine is easier to make, but it’s a new and unproven technology.Neither company has yet published results of how their shots fared in smaller, earlier-stage studies, designed to check for serious side effects and how well people’s immune systems respond to different doses.Even before proof that any potential vaccine will work, companies and governments are beginning to stockpile millions of doses so they can be ready to start vaccinating as soon as answers arrive.In the U.S., a program called “Operation Warp Speed” aims to have 300 million doses on hand by January. Under Brazil’s agreement with Sinovac, the Instituto Butantan will learn to produce the Chinese shot.___AP journalist Marcelo Silva de Sousa contributed to this report.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3499

The end of the Korean War will be announced later this year, following an historic summit between the leaders of the two Koreas.South Korean President Moon Jae-in and his North Korean counterpart, Kim Jong Un, signed the "Panmunjom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity and Unification on the Korean Peninsula," while standing in the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that has divided the two countries for more than six decades.The announcement, made after a full day of meetings and a 30-minute private conversation between the two leaders, could bring an end to one of the world's longest running conflicts. 605

The City of Columbus took down a Christopher Columbus statue from in front of City of Hall on Wednesday, removing what Mayor Andrew Ginther called a symbol of “patriarchy, oppression and divisiveness.”Ginther announced the decision to remove the statue on June 18."That does not represent our great city, and we will no longer live in the shadow of our ugly past,” Ginther said. “Now is the right time to replace this statue with artwork that demonstrates our enduring fight to end racism and celebrate the themes of diversity and inclusion.”The statue, which was a gift from the people of Genoa, Italy, in 1955, will be placed in safekeeping at a secure city facility. The city asked the Columbus Art Commission to launch a community-driven process that embraces diversity. This process would determine how to best replace the statue while evaluating other monuments and art installations on their diversity and inclusiveness.The Arts Commission will also help determine the final disposition for the statue, working with the community to determine, in the proper context, if it should be displayed elsewhere to help future generations understand the ongoing conversations about racism and why leaders ultimately decided on its removal.“By replacing the statue, we are removing one more barrier to meaningful and lasting change to end systemic racism,” said Ginther. “Its removal will allow us to remain focused on critical police reforms and increasing equity in housing, health outcomes, education and employment.”This story originally reported by Kaylyn Hlavaty on news5cleveland.com. 1597

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is coming to Stark County, Ohio to investigate the area’s startling rate of teen suicides, according to the Ohio Department of Health.Federal health experts will spend two weeks here to figure out why a dozen Stark County teenagers have died by suicide since the end of summer.The CDC visit comes at the request of local and state health officials. According to the Canton Repository: 449

The first full slate of preseason games kicked off Thursday night, bringing NFL players back into the field for more football and more protests.Several players took a knee, raised fists or did not take to the field while the National Anthem was played before a dozen preseason games began across the country.The Miami Herald reported that Dolphins wide receiver Kenny Stills, along with wide receiver Albert Wilson, knelt during the anthem before a home game against Tampa Bay.WTVJ Miami reported that Dolphins defensive end Robert Quinn raised his fist during the song. 578

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