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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- A study led by researchers at the University of Michigan (U-M) showed in animal studies that new cancer drug compounds they developed shrank tumors, with few side effects.The study, done in two mouse models of human cancer, looked at two compounds designed to activate a protein that kills cancer cells. The protein, p53, is inactivated in a significant number of human cancers. In some cases, it is because another protein, MDM2, binds to p53 and blocks its tumor suppresser function. This allows the tumor to grow unchecked. The new compounds block MDM2 from binding to p53, consequently activating p53."For the first time, we showed that activation of p53 by our highly potent and optimized MDM2 inhibitors can achieve complete tumor regression in a mouse model of human cancer," says lead study author Shaomeng Wang, director of the Cancer Drug Discovery Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.Wang presented the study Wednesday at the American Association for Cancer Research 102nd annual meeting.Many traditional cancer drugs also activate p53 but they do so by causing DNA damage in both tumor cells and normal cells, causing side effects. These new MDM2 inhibitors activate p53 while avoiding the DNA damage common with other drugs. In this study, which was done in collaboration with Ascenta Therapeutics and Sanonfi-Aventis, researchers showed that these new drugs shrank tumors without significant side effects.Because p53 is involved in all types of human cancer, the new drug has potential to be used in multiple types of cancer. Further, the researchers also identified certain markers in tumors that predict which ones will be particularly sensitive to the MDM2 inhibitor, which would allow physicians to target the drug only to patients most likely to benefit.

WASHINGTON, March 25 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Stardust spacecraft depleted fuel and ceased operation on Thursday after a 12-year run, the U.S. space agency said Friday."This is the end of the spacecraft's operations, but really just the beginnings of what this spacecraft's accomplishments will give to planetary science," said Lindley Johnson, Stardust-NExT and Discovery program executive at NASA headquarters in Washington."The treasure-trove of science data and engineering information collected and returned by Stardust is invaluable for planning future deep space planetary missions."Artist's concept of Stardust spacecraft nearing EarthLaunched on Feb. 7, 1999, Stardust flew past the asteroid named Annefrank and traveled halfway to Jupiter to collect the particle samples from the comet Wild 2. The spacecraft returned to Earth's vicinity to drop off a sample return capsule eagerly awaited by comet scientists.NASA re-tasked the spacecraft as Stardust-NExT to perform a bonus mission and fly past comet Tempel 1, which was struck by the Deep Impact mission in 2005. The mission collected images and other scientific data to compare with images of that comet collected by the Deep Impact.The Stardust-NExT met all mission goals, and the spacecraft was extremely successful during both missions. From launch until final rocket engine burn, it travelled approximately 3.54 billion miles.After the mileage logged in space, the Stardust team knew the end was near for the spacecraft. With its fuel tank empty and final radio transmission concluded, the most traveled comet hunter will move from NASA's active mission roster to retired."This kind of feels like the end of one of those old western movies where you watch the hero ride his horse toward the distant setting sun -- and then the credits begin to roll," said Stardust-NExT project manager Tim Larson from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "Only there's no setting sun in space."

WASHINGTON, May 17 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Tuesday that the international Aquarius/SAC-D observatory will be launched on June 9, to study interactions between ocean circulation, the water cycle and climate by measuring ocean surface salinity.Engineers at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California are performing final tests before mating the satellite to its Delta II rocket. The mission is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina' s space agency, with participation from Brazil, Canada, France and Italy.In addition to Aquarius, the primary instrument, the observatory carries seven other instruments that will collect environmental data for a wide range of applications, including studies of natural hazards, air quality, land processes and epidemiology.The mission will make NASA's first space observations of the concentration of dissolved salt at the ocean surface. Aquarius' observations will reveal how salinity variations influence ocean circulation, trace the path of freshwater around our planet, and help drive Earth's climate. The ocean surface constantly exchanges water and heat with Earth's atmosphere. Approximately 80 percent of the global water cycle that moves freshwater from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean happens over the ocean.Salinity plays a key role in these exchanges. By tracking changes in ocean surface salinity, Aquarius will monitor variations in the water cycle caused by evaporation and precipitation over the ocean, river runoff, the freezing and melting of sea ice. Salinity also makes seawater denser, causing it to sink, where it becomes part of deep, interconnected ocean currents. This deep ocean "conveyor belt" moves water masses and heat from the tropics to the polar regions, helping to regulate Earth's climate."Salinity is the glue that bonds two major components of Earth' s complex climate system: ocean circulation and the global water cycle," said Aquarius Principal Investigator Gary Lagerloef of Earth & Space Research in Seattle in a statement. "Aquarius will map global variations in salinity in unprecedented detail, leading to new discoveries that will improve our ability to predict future climate."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing microwave emissions from the water's surface with a radiometer instrument. These emissions can be used to indicate the saltiness of the surface water, after accounting for other environmental factors. Salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, and small changes are important. Aquarius uses advanced technologies to detect changes in salinity as small as about two parts per 10,000, equivalent to a pinch (about one-eighth of a teaspoon) of salt in a gallon of water.Aquarius will map the entire open ocean every seven days for at least three years from 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Its measurements will produce monthly estimates of ocean surface salinity with a spatial resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The data will reveal how salinity changes over time and from one part of the ocean to another.

The severe water shortages have become a major bottleneck to our sustainable development. Nearly two-thirds of the cities in China lack water," said Chen Lei, Minister of Water Resources.From 2011 to 2015, China will strive to limit its annual water consumption within 620 billion cubic meters and cut water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP by 30 percent.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 28 (Xinhua) -- Microsoft Corp. on Thursday posted quarterly revenue and earnings that both beat analysts' expectations.In its fiscal 2011 third quarter ended on March 31, the software giant reported revenue of 16.43 billion U.S. dollars, up 13 percent from the same period a year earlier.Net income and earnings per share were 5.23 billion dollars and 61 cents, representing increases of 31 percent and 36 percent respectively year-on-year.Analysts had expected earnings of 56 cents per share on revenue of 16.19 billion dollars, according to Thomson Reuters."We delivered strong financial results despite a mixed PC environment, which demonstrates the strength and breadth of our businesses," Peter Klein, chief financial officer at Microsoft, said in a statement."Consumers are purchasing Office 2010, Xbox and Kinect at tremendous rates, and businesses of all sizes are purchasing Microsoft platforms and applications," he added.Revenue at four of Microsoft's five major divisions posted double-digit growth in the quarter, indicating the increase of technology spending by enterprises as well as strong demand for the company's entertainment products.The entertainment and devices division saw the biggest revenue growth of 60 percent, which according to Microsoft, were driven by strong demand for its Kinect hands-free motion control system for Xbox 360 and continued strong sales of Xbox 360 console.However, revenue for the division of the company's flagship Windows operating system dropped 4 percent in the quarter, which Microsoft said was "in line with the PC trends."The performance of the Windows division may fuel new concerns that Microsoft's dominance in software for PCs is being threatened by Apple's iPad and tablet computers running other operating systems, some analysts noted.

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