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BEIJING, August 1 (Xinhuanet) -- U.S. researchers have discovered a genetic mutation unique to African Americans that links to heighten their asthma risk, according to reports published on Sunday in the journal Nature Genetics.Researchers of University of Chicago found a gene, PYHIN1, and its variations may account for asthma risk in people of African descent. In their study, they examined data from nine previous genome-wide association studies, totaling more than 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 3,246 asthma patients and 3,385 control patient, 1,702 patient-parent groupings, 355 family-based cases, and 468 family-based controls.In the study, the researchers found that between 26 percent and 29 percent of people of African-descent carried at least one copy of the gene.  In particular, one polymorphism of the gene was 34 percent more likely found in African-American and Afro-Caribbean people with asthma.  More interestingly, this variant of the gene is rarely found in Caucasian people and in Latino population, it was found in less than 5 percent.This new variant is part of a family of genes linked with the body's response to viral infections. It is thought to be involved in interferon signaling, which could influence the occurrence of asthma.The team stressed that each gene variant on its own plays only a small role in increasing asthma risk, but that risk could be multiplied when combined with other risk genes and with environmental factors.

WASHINGTON, May 30 (Xinhua) -- After nearly 12 days together in orbit, U.S. space shuttle Endeavour undocked from the International Space Station on Sunday night, NASA announced on Monday.According to NASA, the undocking took place at 11:55 p.m. EDT ( 0355 GMT Monday) as the spacecraft sailed 215 miles (346 km) above Bolivia.Pilot Greg Johnson, at the aft flight deck controls, flew Endeavour in a circle around the station at distances of about 450 to 650 feet. Crew members took still and video images of the station.The Space Shuttle Endeavour is seen as it departs the International Space Station after undocking in this image from NASA TV May 29, 2011.As Johnson was about to begin the flyaround, Commander Mark Kelly radioed mission control that he could see the two-billion-U. S.-dollar Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) particle physics detector Endeavour had brought to orbit. "It's a new day for science on the space station," he said to mission control.The AMS will be left at the space station to scour the universe for clues about dark matter and antimatter. Endeavour is scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center at 2:35 a.m. (0635 GMT) on Wednesday.During their stay at the space station, the Endeavour crew conducted four spacewalks to complete construction of the U.S. side of the 100-billion-dollar outpost, a project of 16 nations that has been being assembled in orbit since 1998.They also brought up a logistics carrier with spare parts and performed some maintenance and installation work during the four spacewalks, the last to be carried out by an American shuttle crew.NASA plans to decommission Endeavour, its youngest shuttle with 25 voyages, and send it to a museum in Los Angeles for display.NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program is ending due to high operating costs. The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the space station.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 31 (Xinhua) -- Astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory discovered the first pair of supermassive black holes in a spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way, NASA announced Wednesday.Approximately 160 million light years from Earth, the pair is the nearest known such phenomenon.The black holes are located near the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 3393. Separated by only 490 light years, the black holes are likely the remnant of a merger of two galaxies of unequal mass a billion or more years ago.Both of the supermassive black holes are heavily obscured by dust and gas, which makes them difficult to observe in optical light. Because X-rays are more energetic, they can penetrate this obscuring material. Chandra's X-ray spectra show clear signatures of a pair of supermassive black holes."If this galaxy weren't so close, we'd have no chance of separating the two black holes the way we have," said Pepi Fabbiano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who led the study that appeared Wednesday in on-line issue of the journal Nature. "Since this galaxy was right under our noses by cosmic standards, it makes us wonder how many of these black hole pairs we've been missing."Previous observations in X-rays and at other wavelengths indicated that a single supermassive black hole existed in the center of NGC 3393. However, a long look by Chandra allowed the researchers to detect and separate the dual black holes. Both black holes are actively growing and emitting X-rays as gas falls towards them and becomes hotter.When two equal-sized spiral galaxies merge, astronomers think it should result in the formation of a black hole pair and a galaxy with a disrupted appearance and intense star formation. A well-known example is the pair of supermassive black holes in NGC 6240, which is located about 330 million light years from Earth.However, NGC 3393 is a well-organized spiral galaxy, and its central bulge is dominated by old stars. These are unusual properties for a galaxy containing a pair of black holes.

WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Monday commemorated the 90th birthday of astronaut John Glenn, the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth and also the oldest person to fly to space when he launched on the space shuttle in 1998."John Glenn is a legend, and NASA sends him our best wishes on this major personal milestone," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "John's legacy and contributions to the continued progress of human spaceflight are immense. His example is one we continue to emulate as we push toward farther destinations in the solar system."After a distinguished flying career with the Marines in World War II and Korea, Glenn joined NASA in 1959 as one of the country' s first astronauts in Project Mercury. On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" spacecraft on the first U.S. manned orbital mission. He launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida to successfully complete three orbits of the Earth.Glenn flew to space again on the STS-95 mission in 1998 aboard the space shuttle Discovery. As a mission specialist, Glenn supported deployment of a variety of research payloads and participated in investigations about spaceflight and the aging process.