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LOS ANGELES, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The size of low-oxygen zones created by respiring bacteria is extremely sensitive to changes in depth caused by oscillations in climate, thus posing a distant threat to marine life, a new study suggests."The growth of low-oxygen regions is cause for concern because of the detrimental effects on marine populations -- entire ecosystems can die off when marine life cannot escape the low- oxygen water," said lead researcher Curtis Deutsch, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at University of California, Los Angeles."There are widespread areas of the ocean where marine life has had to flee or develop very peculiar adaptations to survive in low- oxygen conditions," Deutsch said in the study to be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal Science.A team led byDeutsch used a specialized computer simulation to demonstrate for the first time that fluctuations in climate can drastically affect the habitability of marine ecosystems.The study also showed that in addition to consuming oxygen, marine bacteria are causing the depletion of nitrogen, an essential nutrient necessary for the survival of most types of algae."We found there is a mechanism that connects climate and its effect on oxygen to the removal of nitrogen from the ocean," Deutsch said. "Our climate acts to change the total amount of nutrients in the ocean over the timescale of decades."Low-oxygen zones are created by bacteria living in the deeper layers of the ocean that consume oxygen by feeding on dead algae that settle from the surface. Just as mountain climbers might feel adverse effects at high altitudes from a lack of air, marine animals that require oxygen to breathe find it difficult or impossible to live in these oxygen-depleted environments, Deutsch said.Sea surface temperatures vary over the course of decades through a climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, during which small changes in depth occur for existing low-oxygen regions, Deutsch said. Low-oxygen regions that rise to warmer, shallower waters expand as bacteria become more active; regions that sink to colder, deeper waters shrink as the bacteria become more sluggish, as if placed in a refrigerator."We have shown for the first time that these low-oxygen regions are intrinsically very sensitive to small changes in climate," Deutsch said in remarks published Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science on its website. "That is what makes the growth and shrinkage of these low-oxygen regions so dramatic."Molecular oxygen from the atmosphere dissolves in sea water at the surface and is transported to deeper levels by ocean circulation currents, where it is consumed by bacteria, Deutsch said."The oxygen consumed by bacteria within the deeper layers of the ocean is replaced by water circulating through the ocean," he said. "The water is constantly stirring itself up, allowing the deeper parts to occasionally take a breath from the atmosphere."A lack of oxygen is not the only thing fish and other marine life must contend with, according to Deutsch. When oxygen is very low, the bacteria will begin to consume nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients that sustain marine life."Almost all algae, the very base of the food chain, use nitrogen to stay alive," Deutsch said. "As these low-oxygen regions expand and contract, the amount of nutrients available to keep the algae alive at the surface of the ocean goes up and down. "Understanding the causes of oxygen and nitrogen depletion in the ocean is important for determining the effect on fisheries and fish populations, he said.

CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Managing other people at work triggers structural changes in the brain, protecting its memory and learning center well into old age, Australia's study revealed on Friday.Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) researchers have, for the first time, identified a clear link between managerial experience throughout a person's working life, and the integrity and larger size of an individual's hippocampus (the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory) at the age of 80. "We found a clear relationship between the number of employees a person may have supervised or been responsible for and the size of the hippocampus," Dr Michael Valenzuela, Leader of Regenerative Neuroscience in UNSW's School of Psychiatry, said in a statement released on Friday."This could be linked to the unique mental demands of managing people, which requires continuous problem solving, short term memory and a lot of emotional intelligence, such as the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. Over time this could translate into the structural brain changes we observed."The findings confirmed that staying mentally active promotes brain health, potentially warding off neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.Using MRI imagery in a cohort of 75-92 year-olds, researchers found larger hippocampal volumes in those with managerial experience compared to those without. The effect was also seen in women who had taken on managerial roles in nursing or teaching, for example.The study was presented at this week's Brain Sciences UNSW symposium Brain Plasticity The Adaptable Brain, held in Australia.

COPENHAGEN, June 7 (Xinhua) -- The outbreak of infections caused by E. coli bacteria may be over in Denmark as no new cases have been reported here since Friday.According to Denmark's National Serum Institute (NSI), there are 18 confirmed cases of severe intestinal infection caused by exposure to the bacteria as of Monday. No new infections have been reported since Friday, it added.The confirmed cases are said to consist of 10 men and 8 women aged between 23 and 81 years of age. Seven show symptoms of kidney failure which is associated with advanced stages of the infection.All but one are believed to have contracted the infection while traveling in northern Germany, where the outbreak started, the NSI said.So far, the E. coli infection has claimed 21 lives in Germany, which reports over 2,100 confirmed and suspected cases. It has also spread to 12 countries according to the World Health Organization (WHO)."This particular strain of E.coli has been identified in some people sporadically in the past, but it has not been known to have been associated with outbreaks in the past," a WHO spokesperson said Friday, adding it was a "very, very rare strain."Health authorities in Germany now suspect bean sprouts as the source of contamination in this outbreak, although this is yet to be confirmed.Dr Kaare Moelbak, an epidemiologist at NSI told Danish media Sunday that bean sprouts were a "very likely" source of contamination.Cucumbers were initially suspected and Denmark's food authority continues to warn against eating raw tomato, cucumber or lettuce from Germany until the source is established.Children are normally most vulnerable to E. coli infection but most of those infected in this outbreak are above the age of 20 years, Moelbak told Xinhua last week.He said children are likely less affected by this outbreak as they usually eat fewer salads than adults.In Germany, it is mostly women who have been affected by the infection. Moelbak explained the skew in infections saying women tend to choose to eat more vegetables than men, in comments made to Danish media Thursday.

HOUSTON, July 25 (Xinhua) -- A shelter-in-place was ordered after a battery caught fire during a testing at NASA's Johnson Space Center Monday morning.A battery was being tested inside a containment system when it got overheated and caught fire at about 9 a.m. local time, ABC quoted the Houston Fire Department (HFD) sources as reporting.A shelter-in-place was issued for a few buildings because it's believed that one of the bi-products of the combustion could be dangerous, HFD said.The fire was put out before 11:30 a.m.A firefighter was injured when a hydrant cap blew off and struck him, according to ABC.

BEIJING, Sept. 8 (Xinhuanet) -- Middle-aged white women drinking alcohol moderately are more likely to stay healthy than nondrinkers, according to a new study from Harvard.The study has followed about 14,000 mostly white women since 1976.As a result, compared with teetotalers, those who had 3 to 15 alcoholic drinks weekly in their late 50s were 28 percent higher of being free from physical disability, chronic illness, mental health problems, and cognitive decline at the age of 70.Even having just one or two drinks per week increased a woman's odds of good health by 11 percent.However, women should be aware that even moderate drinking has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, said Qi Sun, M.D., a lead author of the study and a nutrition researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health.These findings don't necessarily apply to men or to nonwhite women. But they reinforced the evidence for the health benefits of moderate drinking.