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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

Burning Man co-founder Larry Harvey passed away on Saturday, according to festival CEO Marian Goodell. He was 70 years old.Goodell made the announcement through a blog post on Burning Man's website. She says that Harvey suffered a massive stroke on April 4. He passed away peacefully on April 28 in San Francisco with family members at his side."Burning Man culture has lost a great leader and an inspiring mind," Goodell wrote in the blog post. "The loss of his presence in our daily lives will be felt for years, but because of the spirit of who he is, we will never truly be without him."The annual celebration of "radical self-expression" and "radical self-reliance" brings hundreds of thousands of people to the Black Rock Desert in Nevada. It first started in 1986 when Harvey and his friend Jerry James built a wooden figure on a San Francisco Beach and burned it down to honor the Summer Solstice. 913

California just gave museums, galleries, zoos and aquariums the go-ahead to reopen, but the way they operate won't be the same. There are a lot of new rules across the nation and new changes that will affect your entertainment experiences as everyone adjusts to a new normal amid the pandemic.Executive Director Jason Jacobs can't wait to let people back in to the Sacramento, California Zoo. They'll be greeted by alligators, like little Ronnie, a 9-month-old American gator.“He made his way to California during the pandemic as we had scheduled an alligator habitat to open in April of 2020,” said Jacobs.The alligators were on their way from Florida when things shutdown. Since then, veterinarians and scientists from the University of California at Davis have worked with zoo staff. They were ready for the pandemic. As people started the lockdown, officials at the zoo were ordering extra food and supplies for their animals.“We have to have emergency management plans,” said Jacobs. “I’ve worked at zoos threatened by hurricanes, by earthquakes, by wildfires, you just have to be prepared and that’s part of operating a zoo.”And they also knew what they'd need to do to safely reopen.“Shutting down the reptile house, shutting down the playground which kids love, but it’s a high contact area, not having animal education demonstrations,” said Jacobs.The guidelines from California officials are specific. There's a long list of stipulations, things like limited capacity, disinfecting, no large events, no big in person fundraisers. The Sacramento Zoo got creative with some of those new rules.“Things like – stay within your own flock, because our flamingoes flock together, so if you come as a family, stay together,” said Jacobs. “We have other reminders that say to stay an alligators length away, not like little Ronnie alligator, but the big ones that are over 6 feet long.”They've hired more cleaning crews and strongly encourage face coverings. Those masks are a sticking point for the Memphis Zoo, which reopened about a month ago.Chief Marketing Officer Nick Harmeier says, “The biggest pushback on the new policies was the facial covering. People are either for it or completely against it. They didn’t seem like anyone was really in the middle there.”Harmeier says they wanted as many precautions as possible and didn't want to take any risks with their animals either, as there are so many unknowns about COVID-19. They've employed one-way traffic, pulled their gift facilities outside and like everywhere else, they have extremely limited capacity.“That was a big a hah for us,” said Harmeier. “We were like people have been in their houses for three months, we’re going to be slammed but that wasn’t the case and we’re still seeing that today numbers aren’t anywhere close to where they were last year and previous years.”Financially, all zoos and nonprofits have taken a hit. For Memphis, this is fundraising season. And while they're slowly opening back up, the money isn't where it needs to be.“This zoo has been through a lot of hard times – Great Depression, Spanish flu – there’s a lot of things this zoo has withstood. We feel good we’re going to push through it all."And other zoos, like Sacramento, have that same energy, reopening with a strong sense of community and survivability for the animal species they love so much. 3363

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) - One man is behind bars after police said he stabbed a man multiple times before leading police on a pursuit through North San Diego County.Carlsbad officers responded to reports of a traffic collision in the 6200 block of Paseo Del Norte at about 1:20 a.m. Saturday. When officers arrived, they saw a red truck speed away and fail to yield to police.The suspected driver was later identified as 28-year-old Gervin Giovanni Chavez.At the scene, police found a man with multiple stab wounds to his head, neck, and torso and a female who was uninjured. Officers pursued Chavez and later apprehended him in Oceanside after he collided with a road median.MAP: Track crime in your neighborhoodWitnesses at the scene told police Chavez began an unprovoked attack against the man while they were in the vehicle together. The man was able to get out of the vehicle while it was still moving before Chavez stopped and got out to chase him.Chavez continued attacking the man before a woman broke up the attack. Chavez then returned to his vehicle and led police on a pursuit.Police do not believe there are any outstanding suspects. Chavez has been booked into Vista detention center and charged with attempted homicide.The victim was transported to a nearby hospital where he is undergoing multiple surgeries for his wounds. 1363

CAPE CORAL, Fla. - It all started with a high school assignment.Megan O’Grady says she had to write about a topic that she felt passionate about in her life.As the daughter of a law enforcement officer who had recently learned of the deaths of five officers during a 2016 protest in Dallas, it wasn’t hard for her to share what she was feeling at the time.That paper would soon turn into a passion project and the nonprofit, Blue Line Bears.Four years later, the group has dispersed more than 700 teddy bears - sewn with the uniforms of fallen law enforcement officers and given to loved ones that have been left behind.“Taking that uniform shirt and making it into something that can be held and cuddled...it gives them comfort and a little bit of their loved one back,” the 18-year-old tells FOX 4.She says prior to this year, Blue Line Bears filled five to ten requests per week from agencies across the country.“Now, it can be up to like 20 or 30”.Megan’s father is Master Sergeant Patrick O’Grady with the Cape Coral Police Department.He says agencies from all over reach out to the group for bears.O’Grady says they also use the website Officer Down Memorial Page to keep track of impacted families.According to the site, there was 148 line of duty deaths in 2019.This year and at the time of this story, the website reports that the number is already 247.The site says most of those deaths are related to COVID-19 and gunfire.“At any time, we can have over 100 shirts waiting to be turned into bears,” O’Grady says.With an increase in demand comes the need for an increase in space.That’s why the nonprofit is now expanding to an official location in Cape Coral.Megan says the new space will serve as a place to hold meetings and a go-to location for the community to purchases merchandise.She says she's most excited that it will also provide a bigger workspace to prepare the keepsakes that bring support to many families.Because as Megan, now in her first year of college, says, “There’s always a lot of bears to be made.”The O'Gradys say the new location will be complete by the end of the year.The address for the new storefront is 3032 Santa Barbara Boulevard.Click here for more information about Blue Line Bears.This story was first reported by Shari Armstrong at WFTX in Fort Myers, Florida. 2315

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