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LIAOYUAN, Jilin Province, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- From March to September last year, 48-year-old Li Guizhi visited the detention house of the Liaoyuan City in northwestern Jilin Province five times, asking detainees whether they had been tortured.     Her question list also included: "Do you know you have the right to ask lawyers?", "Do you have enough food every day?", "Are you taken to see a doctor when you are not well?".     Li, a community director of the Nankang Street of the Longshan District of Liaoyuan, was in her spare time a public inspector of detention houses. It means she could randomly select time to visit local jails and randomly choose detainees to talk to.     She was also entitled to inspect the jails' condition and examine the jails' records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     As the first pilot city of the detention inspection system in China, Liaoyuan had 20 public inspectors like Li. They were doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, civil servants or community workers. Meanwhile, they were either local legislators, political advisors or "people's supervisors", a voluntary post to oversee jurisdiction. They were recommended to be selected as public inspectors thanks to their legislation or public working experience.     These inspectors who had received legal training would put forward proposals for improvements after each tour of the detention house which, therefore, would be obliged to ameliorate its living or working conditions accordingly.     This year, the pilot program continued to be unfolded in Jinzhong of northern Shanxi Province and Zhang Jiagang of eastern Jiangsu Province. More cities would be added to the list.     The Research Center of Litigation System and Judicial Reform under the Beijing-based Renmin University of China was the organizer of the program in China.     Sponsored by the European Union, the program was part of a package of cooperation agreements in political, legal, cultural and economic fields. Legal cooperation between China and Europe covers areas such as the death penalty, anti-torture and professional training of judges and prosecutors.     Chen Weidong, a professor with the Renmin University who was in charge of the program, told Xinhua that treatment of detainees, to some extent, reflected the level of protection of the public's rights and interests.     "Through the introduction of public supervision, which is more independent, to oversee the detention place exercising its power, the system is conducive to ensuring that prisoners are treated in accordance with the law," he said.     China signed the United Nations Convention against Torture in Dec. 1986 which ensured that torture was a criminal offence. "Parties must promptly investigate any allegation of torture, and victims of torture must have an enforceable right to compensation," it said.     In addition, the UN passed in 2002 the Optional Protocol to the Convention, which encourages the establishment of an international inspection system for places of detention.     Currently, more than 20 countries, mainly European nations, have set up the system. Many other developed countries, including the United States, have not established such a system.     According to the Chinese law, law makers and political advisors were entitled to patrol detention places, reflecting parliament's and political advisory bodies' supervision over administrative organs.     Over the past few years, Chinese procuratorates had set up the "people's supervisor" system, in a bid to prevent injustice amid law execution. Most procuratorates of the country had selected people's supervisors.     However, the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics show Chinese procuratorates punished 930 government workers in 2006 who illegally took people into custody and extorted confessions by torture.     Chen said in the past, supervision was mainly institutional, such as recording and videotaping, and asking lawyers to be present, when interrogating suspects.     "Public supervision, which we currently advocate, enables the public to gain a close and independent observance of the detention places, the result of which is more convincing and can help improve China's image in protecting human rights," he added.     Chen said the inspection system examined many factors, ranging from living conditions of detention places to the fulfillment of various legal rights and interests.     "It neither depends on high-tech equipment nor is confined to the number of legal workers or the time of working, so it can be promoted in any region with any economic situation," he added.     However, a survey about the pilot program, conducted by the Renmin University, showed that detectives generally opposed to the system, saying inspection activities in detention places would "disturb their working plans and easily allow detainees refuse to confess".     Many lawyers believed the "independent" inspection should be worthy of the name, which means detention house staff should be absent when inspectors talked to detainees. It could alleviate detainees' pressure.     TO BE PROMOTED NATIONWIDE     As a main propeller of the program in Liaoyuan, Wang Wensheng, the chief procurator of the Liaoyuan People's Procuratorate, admitted, "All reform will face resistance, risks and blame."     Chen said local officials' open-mindedness and achievements of local judicial reform was considered as key factors in selecting pilot cities. Liaoyuan was an outstanding example.     The first phase of the program, which started as early as 2006,ended last year. The second phase, with Jinzhong and Zhang Jiagang cities added to the list, aimed to find out if the system would be feasible in the country's hinterland and economically prosperous regions.     The project team hoped the system, which was considered as an innovation of China's judicial reform, could be promoted nationwide, but no timetable could be set at the moment. The project was scheduled to end in 2012.     Cheng Lei, a member of the project group and a post doctorate with the law institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "Hopefully, the system can be extended to other parts of the country through legislation. Provincial legislation is easier, such as a law on detention place inspection system in northwestern Jilin Province."     Li Guizhi, the Liaoyuan public inspector, said she felt a great honor when becoming an inspector.     "Such voluntary work, without any payment, should convey a message to the world that China's efforts against torture is in line with international practice," she said.

BEIJING, April 10 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said here Friday that the basic health-care system should be provided as a public service to the people to ensure and improve people's livelihoods.     Li made the remarks during a meeting on deepening the reform of the health-care system, stressing that the public health-care system should be conducted for public good and urging the gradual establishment of a basic health-care system to cover all Chinese citizens.     Carrying out the health-care system reform is of great significance to improving people's livelihoods and promoting social harmony, as well as boosting domestic demand and keeping a sound and rapid economic development, Li said.     The reform of the health-care system is a social systematic project, which is time-consuming, challenging and complicated, he said. By 2020, China should have a basic health-care system that covers urban and rural residents, Li pointed out.     Health-care reform in the next three years should be focused on relieving people from expensive and hard-to-get medical care, he said.     Li also said that reforms should be carried out in five areas, including providing universal access to basic health insurance, introducing an essential medicine system, improving primary healthcare facilities, offering equitable access to basic public health services and establishing pilot reform of state-run hospitals.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- Chinese share prices registered a dramatic 3.87 percent drop Thursday as investor confidence collapsed ahead of the wary market performance and caused panic selling, analysts said.     The decline on overseas markets also had a negative effect.     The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index, which covers both A and B shares, opened higher after the government announced stimulus plans, but dipped 85.05 points, or 3.87 percent, to 2,121.52 points in the afternoon session.     The Shenzhen Component Index on the smaller Shenzhen bourse dropped to 7,777.90 points, down 463.76 points, or 5.63 percent.     Total turnover was 198.52 billion yuan (29.07 billion U.S. dollars), down from 209.05 billion yuan on Wednesday.     Losers led gainers by 841 to 34 in Shanghai and 719 to 36 in Shenzhen.     The weak performance of both the Wall Street and Hong Kong shares had cast a shadow over the mainland market, said analysts.     The financial sector, which led a market rebound Wednesday, failed to support the market in afternoon trading as it dipped 4.76 percent.     Shenzhen Development Bank, which almost fell by the 10-percent daily limit, ended up with an 8.91 percent drop to 13.8 yuan.     China Merchants Bank, which rose by 9.57 percent Wednesday, slipped4.36 percent to 14.27 yuan.     Machinery, automobiles, media and semiconductor sectors led the retreat, dropping 7.88 percent, 7.54 percent, 7.68 percent and 7.79 percent, respectively.     Non-ferrous metals also fell by 7.54 percent though the government announced a stimulus package for the industry Wednesday.     Chenzhou Mining, Corun New Energy, Tibet Mining, Advanced Technology and Materials, Western Metal Material, Sichuan Hongda and Xiamen Tungsten fell by the 10-percent daily limit.     Yongan Forestry bucked the trend, rising by the 10-percent daily limit. The forestry sector managed to close at no more than a 2 percent decline, as domestic media reported a government stimulus plan for forestry was under discussion.     China Eastern Airlines, one of the country's top three airlines, announced Thursday that its shareholders had passed a share placement plan which intended to raise 7 billion yuan from its parent company, China Eastern Group.     The company will issue 1.44 billion Shanghai-listed A shares at a price of 3.87 yuan per share, as well as 1.44 billion Hong Kong-listed H shares at 1.00 yuan each, according to the announcement.     The fund would reduce the company's asset liability ratio and improve its financial situation, said the company.     China Eastern Airlines shares were suspended Thursday.     Hong Kong shares dipped 0.85 percent to 12,894.94 points Thursday, while U.S. stocks fell Wednesday. The Dow Jones industrial average was down 80.05 points, or 1.09 percent, at 7,270.89. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index dropped 8.24 points, or 1.07 percent, to 764.90. The Nasdaq Composite Index dropped 16.40 points, or 1.14 percent, to 1,425.43.

BEIJING, Feb. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday called for all efforts to rescue the miners trapped or injured in the coal mine blast in north China's Shanxi Province.     As of 6 p.m., 74 people were confirmed dead from the accident which occurred early Sunday morning at the Tunlan Coal Mine of Shanxi Coking Coal Group.     The president and premier urged rescuers to spare no efforts to save the trapped miners and ensure the safety of rescuers, and prevent secondary accidents.     Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang headed for the site Sunday evening to direct the rescue operation and console the injured miners and families of the victims. Zhang also declared to set up an investigation team to probe into the cause of the accident.     Leaders from the State Administration of Work Safety and Shanxi provincial officials have also arrived at the scene. Luo Lin (1st L, rear), head of the State Administration of Work Safety, Zhao Tiechui (R, rear), head of the State Bureau of Coal Industry, and Zhang Baoshun (C, rear), the Provincial Communist Party Committee chief, talk with a miner injured during the accident at a hospital Gujiao City, north China's Shanxi Province, Feb. 22, 2009.