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MOSCOW, April 12 (Xinhua) -- Does life exist on other planets beyond the solar system? Are there any other planets like the Earth in our universe? And what does the universe look like?On questions related to outer space, human beings have never stopped observing and thinking.Yuri Gagarin, who made the first manned space flight on April 12, 1961, and orbited Earth for 108 minutes before safely landing, opened a window named "space" to humankind. The Soviet cosmonaut's journey continues to be an inspiration for the world to "conquer" space -- but now for more peaceful purposes.After the Cold War, cooperation on space exploration and scientific researches has turned to a more pragmatic way. More and more countries are realizing that space programs are closely linked with their people's lives than ever before.GAGARIN'S LEGACY INSPIRES PEACEFUL COOPERATION IN SPACEThe UN General Assembly adopted a resolution earlier this month that declares April 12 the International Day of Human Space Flight. The resolution has been supported by more than 60 countries."Man's space odyssey, the fruitful cooperation of many states in outer space would have been impossible without the very first step, Yuri Gagarin's flight," said Vitaly Churkin, Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations.However, the first human space flight was actually a result of competition between the East and the West at the height of the Cold War when the Berlin Wall was built.That competition gradually evolved, however, into a joint space project that has drawn more than 15 nations -- the International Space Station (ISS). Such a project would almost impossible to imagine before.The Mars-500 project in Moscow, aimed at testing the physical and psychological strains on humans during a 500-day journey to "Mars," is another good example of the international cooperation in scientific research. The experiment included six crew members from four countries, including Russia, China, France and Italy.Compared with the times of Gagarin, who died in a 1968 plane crash,mankind has changed its approach to space exploration, rendering it more pragmatic. That's according to cosmonaut Pavel Vinogradov, now a deputy head of the Space Flight Center in the Energy Rocket-Space Corporation."Early romanticism and space race have gone. Countries have been replaced by the business-oriented cooperation in the recent decade," Vinogradov told Xinhua.Experts said the scale and costs of space explorations require massive international cooperation."Space programs have been more money-thirsty even than military programs, so the nations seek closer cooperation," Vinogradov said, "and this pays off."STARDUST YIELDS TO PRAGMATISMUnlike 50 years ago, space technologies now are more closely linked to people and more directly affect their daily lives. Nowadays, one just cannot imagine life without satellite TV or GPS.Veteran cosmonaut Georgy Grechko said orbits have become construction sites rather than military facilities and the space industry itself has swiftly evolved into just another sector of the global economy.Echoing Grechko, Vinogradov said space also is a testing ground for many other sectors, including the bio-technological and pharmaceutical industries."What is just as important, outer space has turned into a platform for close, open, and fruitful international cooperation for the benefits of global, universal peace and development," Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said.UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss has said that the newly established International Day of Human Space Flight should serve as an opportunity to reflect on the importance of peaceful use of space to develop essential technologies and scientific breakthroughs."Space technology is used in matters diverse, such as the fight against climate change, against desertification, and against the loss of biodiversity," Deiss said. "The satellite images provided have given essential data when it comes to avoiding the risks of natural disasters."So far, mankind has never stopped making progress beyond the earth's boundaries and the progress itself has never stopped sparking people's imagination about what is possible through the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.What's more, humankind has never stopped the space dream."The task of the government is to inject into the people an ability to dream," said Igor Zadorin, a member of Russia's National Strategy Council.Here is interesting news: NASA's head Charles Bolden arrived in Russia on the eve of Gagarin's flight anniversary and was expected to discuss Russia-U.S. cooperation on a joint flight to Mars by a nuclear-powered spacecraft.What can we expect in the future?

BEIJING, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's drought control authorities announced Thursday that hours of snowfall and irrigation have eased to some extent the severe drought in parts of the nation.Rapid spreading of the dry spell in the country's winter wheat producing regions has been curbed by wide-spread snowfall in the areas along the Yangtze, Huaihe and Yellow rivers and in the country's northern part on Wednesday and Thursday, the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters said in a statement on its website.Drought-hit areas in Henan and Anhui, which are two major wheat-producing provinces, were reduced by 6.3 million mu (420,000 hectares) and 4.1 million mu, respectively, from Wednesday, the statement said. The agency added that irrigation also contributed to easing the effects of the drought.The statement said that as of Thursday, eight drought-hit provinces had irrigated 143 million mu of drought-affected wheat producing areas, which accounts for 52 percent of the combined winter wheat producing areas in the provinces. The eight provinces include the territories of Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiangsu.As of 3 p.m. Thursday, the drought had affected 101.28 million mu of crops nationwide and left 2.81 million people and 2.57 million heads of livestock short of drinking water, said the statement.Cloud seeding on Wednesday and Thursday during a recent cold front, also helped alleviate drought in some regions, according to a report posted on the website of the China Meteorological Administration on Thursday.The report also said that the artificial precipitation had mitigated the shortage of moisture in the soil in parts of Henan and Anhui. The situation is expected to improve as the rain and snow continues.However, experts urged more measures from local governments to ensure winter wheat production since the current precipitation is not adequate to "completely ease the drought", the report said.

TOKYO, Feb. 6 (Xinhua) -- Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said Sunday that Japan is ready to reconstruct relations with China in cultural, economic, political and other areas, the Jiji Press reported."This year marks the 100th anniversary of China's Revolution of 1911, and next year will be the 40th anniversary of the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations," said Kan at the first session of the "China-issue" advisory committee, organized by the Japanese government and attended by personages from economic, cultural and academic circles."On this special occasion," Kan said, "Japan is ready to rebuild relations with China in various areas such as culture, economic and politics."According to local media reports, participants at the meeting put forward suggestions such as "China is a promising market in the economic area, and ties with China are thus of great importance" and "people-to-people exchanges need to be promoted in areas of culture, sports and arts."The committee is scheduled to submit the final advisory report to the government in mid-April.

BEIJING, March 19 (Xinhua) -- In spite of the fact that snow still covers his farmland, Jiang Chen has been busy stocking fertilizers and seeds to prepare for the coming spring farming season."I am almost ready for the sowing," said Jiang, a 64-year-old peasant who farms five hectares of cropland in Liujia Township in Yushu City, northeast China's Jilin Province. "But the costs are rising so I still want to look for better seeds providing a higher yield this year."As the Chinese government continued policies to assure a good grain harvest this year, millions of farmers like Jiang in China's major grain-producing regions such as Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan provinces are now gearing up to finalize preparations for the coming sowing season.The central government's incentives in 2011 include increases in minimum rice purchase prices by 9.7 percent to 21.9 percent from last year, as well as 24.9 billion yuan (about 3.77 billion U.S. dollars) in subsidies to the national grain risk fund for farmers."Though farmers are richer now than before, our economic strength remains relatively weak as compared with urban residents," Jiang said.He noted that he was considering investing less this year because the cost of agricultural production has increased year after year.The average urea price from manufacturers and retailers rose about 10 percent from last year to about 1,980 yuan and 2,100 yuan per tonne at a grain and oil wholesale market near Yuquan Road in Beijing, where many farmers from neighboring Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces buy agricultural fertilizers and additives.Urea is the primary fertilizer used by Chinese grain growers, though many of the farmers said that they would reduce the use the compound in their fields due to rising prices and the impact on wheat caused by the widespread drought in north China this winter.Wang Quan, the president of China National Agricultural Means of Production Group Corp., the country's largest supplier of agricultural materials, predicted that the use of urea during the spring farming season would be between 20 million tonnes to 25 million tonnes, which is about two fifths of the year's total.Wang said that the urea price is around 400 U.S. dollars per tonne in global markets, or 15.7 percent higher than the domestic price."I think it takes time for Chinese farmers to accept the price hikes gradually," he added.Analysts say that the different perceptions on urea prices between manufacturers and farmers may have affected China's crops because the reduced use of fertilizers usually mean less grain output in the country since many farmers depend more on fertilizers, rather than technology to boost production.China's grain output rose 2.9 percent last year to 546.41 million tonnes, marking the seventh consecutive year of growth. The country aims to keep its 2011 grain production over 500 million tonnes, according to an executive meeting of the State Council, or the Cabinet, Thursday.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said last month that rising costs of grain production, the lingering drought in north China's major wheat-growing regions and the weakening of agricultural production in some areas would directly affect China's summer grain output.Facing challenges such as higher costs for growing grain, Jiang believed that he could generate higher income from his crops this year with the support of the agricultural sector by the government."If the grain prices also rise this year, I can still earn a net income of 10,000 yuan for every hectare of farmland," Jiang said."I hope to keep my farmland from being seized for industrial or residential development," he added.

ABU DHABI, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China believes that Egypt has sufficient wisdom and capability to overcome difficulties and realize national stability and development, visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi told his Egyptian counterpart in a telephone conversation Thursday.Yang, who was on a visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), told the Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul Gheit that China pays close attention to the situation in Egypt, adding that Egypt, as an influential country in the Middle East, is vital to the region's stability.Egypt's internal affairs should be resolved by Egyptians themselves and should be free of outside interference, he added.Gheit briefed Yang on Egypt's situation, saying his government was taking measures to safeguard social stability and return the country to normality.Both sides also expressed satisfaction with the development of China-Egypt relations in the past year, saying the strategic cooperation between the two countries has great potential and broad development prospects.Yang arrived in the UAE capital of Abu Dhabi late Wednesday for an official visit to the Gulf nation.