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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Included in the new defense budget bill just passed by Congress is what some call the most sweeping military housing reforms in decades. However, San Diego military families are concerned that a loophole will allow the private companies that oversee the housing developments to continue ignoring what they call "slum" conditions.10News has been digging for months into the problems reported by residents at local communities run by Lincoln Military Housing, one of the biggest companies in the industry. Residents say they have been plagued by mold, which has caused illness, as well as rodent and insect infestations, and shoddy maintenance and repairs.RELATED: .7 million awarded to Housing Commission to house military veterans"Lincoln Military Housing doesn't do a very good job of maintaining the infrastructure of these homes," says resident Erika Bradley.Bradley says the recent storms have led to more problems with leaks and mold. She says around 50 families living in the Santo Terrace community in Tierrasanta were forced to leave their homes and move into hotels.The new deal agreed to by Congress include the framework of significant reforms, including a tenant bill of rights, a strict set of regulations for how complaints should be handled, and an arbitration process that leaves the final decision in the hand of base commanders, rather than the companies. RELATED: Marine Corps family wins lawsuit against Lincoln Military Housing, after kids sickened by moldHowever, the language in the bill appears to indicate that the companies will not be forced to sign on to the new processes, making them voluntary. While the military and Congress can use the failure to agree to the processes as grounds to decide not to renew the contract with a company, most of the housing companies have long-term deals in place. That means it's possible that it could be nearly 30 years before some of them would be forced to consider making changes."It's kind of something that looks really good on paper," Bradley says, "but how does it actually help us in our day to day lives?"10News asked if Lincoln plans to agree to the new procedures. A spokesperson responded that the company is reviewing the provisions passed by Congress. RELATED: Navy takes action on complaints of mold, rats in military housingIn a statement to 10News, she said "Lincoln Military Housing, along with our military partners, have instituted a series of reforms to improve service for military families. We will continue to work with our partners on ways we can continue to improve service and strengthen the program.” 10News also reached out to Congresswoman Susan Davis and Senator Dianne Feinstein, who have both worked on military housing issues. Neither was available for an interview. 2794

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – Many restaurants around San Diego are making preparations to reopen Thursday nearly 24 hours after a judge ruled the state of California, and San Diego County, can’t enforce a stay-at-home order regarding restaurants and strip clubs.San Diego Superior Court Judge Joel R. Wohlfeil on Wednesday ruled strip clubs and "San Diego County businesses with restaurant service” cannot get a cease-and-desist order. At a Thursday hearing, the judge reinforced that his ruling encompasses all restaurants, not just strip clubs. The ruling had local restaurant owners such as Rudford’s owner Jeff Kasha clamoring to open their doors again."As soon as we’re asked to close in five minutes, we’ll open in five minutes,” Kasha told ABC 10News.Kasha said his eatery on El Cajon Boulevard in North Park went from 45 to 17 employees due to the constantly changing rules. He said that means families are having trouble making rent and feeding their kids.RELATED COVERAGE:County suspending COVID-19 restaurant closure enforcement following court rulingCounty suspends shutdown enforcement against restaurants, strip clubsCOVID-19 stay-at-home order takes effect in San Diego CountyWhile he's cautiously optimistic about the future, Kasha said, "We're hoping we can continue like we were before ... I'm sure this is not going to go, you know, I'm sure something else is going to happen."Meantime, Kasha is happy to be open for indoor and outdoor dining to make a profit.The same hope is shared across town in Clairemont, at Shannon and Tina's Place Bar N Grill, also known as STP Bar-N-Grill."We'd be very, very, very happy to break even after all this," co-owner Tina Romano said.Romano said they haven't let any of their 11 employees go, saying they're family. Unfortunately, that means she and co-owner/chef Shannon Beckwith haven't been paid since March.Thursday could mean they make a small profit for once, with Romano adding, "You know, it's exciting and frustrating at the same time."The frustration due to the thousands of dollars spent each time they comply with new regulations, funding an outdoor dining space and cleaning supplies.Everyone is waiting to see what the county says in response.Coronavirus cases are sky high and hospitalizations are breaking records, bringing capacity down to 0.5% in Southern California.County officials said they're worried reopening right now will undermine the efforts of the state to bend the curve until this point."It's scary, but if you are vulnerable, stay home. If you are at risk, stay home. If you feel comfortable dining in a restaurant, by all means dine in a restaurant and understand that we are being safe," Romano said. 2688

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It’s not the new uniform that sells to thousands of adoring fans.  However, San Diego Gas & Electric’s new employee uniforms could save customers hundreds, if not thousands of dollars.All of SDG&E’s 1,800 employees that work in the field will have new uniforms by the end of the year.“The new uniforms have an embroidered logo on them. The other ones had a patch, which potentially could be removed,” said SDG&E Gas Training Supervisor Scott Hazlett.Hazlett said that embroidered logo replaces a patch worn on uniforms.  He said scammers could take the patch and put it onto any clothing. Hazlett said the embroidered logo is harder for scammers to duplicate.An SDG&E spokeswoman said someone tries to scam a customer almost every day.  The new uniforms give customers another layer of proof that they’re dealing with a legitimate SDG&E employee.Hazlett added any customer with doubts should always ask for identification and they should call SDG&E directly at 1-800-411-7343 to confirm they are dealing with an employee.The new uniforms are also lighter weight and can protect employees better from sparks and fire.“It feels great to know that the company really values its safety,” said Hazlett. 1263

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Mayor Kevin Faulconer is proposing new regulations for dockless scooters around the city.Faulconer, Council members Lori Zapf and Chris Cate, and representatives from the scooter companies held a press conference Monday morning at NTC Park, in Liberty Station to address growing concerns over the safety of dockless scooters. “We want to make sure that its safe, that there are clear rules of the road and regulations that make sense.”Faulconer is proposing to “geo-fence” certain areas around the city. Geo-fencing is remote technology that will limit scooter speeds to 8 miles per hour. The areas will include:  655