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A federal appeals court has ordered a judge to dismiss the government's case against former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, marking an abrupt end to a years-long legal fight.The New York Times and CNN confirmed the ruling Wednesday morning.Flynn pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI in 2017 about his conversations with then-Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak as President Donald Trump prepared to take office after winning the 2016 election. He attempted to withdraw his guilty plea earlier this year, and in May, the Justice Department dropped all charges against him.Upon the Justice Department's decision, the judge in the case, Judge Emmet Sullivan, chose not to dismiss the case immediately. Instead, he sought counsel from the court of appeals. On Wednesday, a panel of three judges ruled that Sullivan did not have adequate reason to question the Justice Department's decision. 899
A locked-down pandemic-struck world cut its carbon dioxide emissions this year by 7%, the biggest drop ever, new preliminary figures show.The Global Carbon Project, an authoritative group of dozens of international scientists who track emissions, calculated that the world will have put 37 billion U.S. tons (34 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide in the air in 2020. That’s down from 40.1 billion US tons (36.4 billion metric tons) in 2019, according a study published Thursday in the journal Earth System Science Data.Scientists say this drop is chiefly because people are staying home, traveling less by car and plane, and that emissions are expected to jump back up after the pandemic ends. Ground transportation makes up about one-fifth of emissions of carbon dioxide, the chief man-made heat-trapping gas.“Of course, lockdown is absolutely not the way to tackle climate change,” said study co-author Corinne LeQuere, a climate scientist at the University of East Anglia.The same group of scientists months ago predicted emission drops of 4% to 7%, depending on the progression of COVID-19. A second coronavirus wave and continued travel reductions pushed the decrease to 7%, LeQuere said.Emissions dropped 12% in the United States and 11% in Europe, but only 1.7% in China. That’s because China had an earlier lockdown with less of a second wave. Also China’s emissions are more industrial based than other countries and its industry was less affected than transportation, LeQuere said.The calculations — based on reports detailing energy use, industrial production and daily mobility counts — were praised as accurate by outside scientists.Even with the drop in 2020, the world on average put 1,185 tons (1,075 metric tons) of carbon dioxide into the air every second.Final figures for 2019 published in the same study show that from 2018 to 2019 emissions of the main man-made heat-trapping gas increased only 0.1%, much smaller than annual jumps of around 3% a decade or two ago. Even with emissions expected to rise after the pandemic, scientists are wondering if 2019 be the peak of carbon pollution, LeQuere said.“We are certainly very close to an emissions peak, if we can keep the global community together,” said United Nations Development Director Achim Steiner.Chris Field, director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, thinks emissions will increase after the pandemic, but said “I am optimistic that we have, as a society learned some lessons that may help decrease emissions in the future.”“For example,” he added, “as people get good at telecommuting a couple of days a week or realize they don’t need quite so many business trips, we might see behavior-related future emissions decreases.”___Follow AP’s climate coverage at https://www.apnews.com/Climate___Follow Seth Borenstein on Twitter at @borenbears .___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3048

A drug used to treat type 2 diabetes and designed to lower glucose levels is being recalled because the manufacturer found it contained high levels of a cancer-causing agent.Marksans Pharma Limited is recalling metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets because levels of NDMA were higher than the acceptable daily intake limit, according to a release from the Food and Drug Administration.The release says the company has not received any reports of adverse events related to this recall at this time.NDMA is classified as a probable human carcinogen, a substance that could cause cancer, based on results from laboratory tests. It’s a known environmental contaminant “found in water and foods, including meats, dairy products and vegetables,” according to the FDA.”These tablets are used in addition to diet and exercise to improve blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pills were distributed nationally to wholesalers and pharmacies.Customers with questions about the recall or have recalled medications, return to the place of purchase. The company says patients should talk to their doctors before they stop taking metformin and should continue taking it while they get a replacement.Head to the FDA’s website for a complete list of recalled lot numbers. 1302
A genetic analysis of COVID-19 patients suggests that blood type might influence whether someone develops severe disease.Scientists who compared the genes of thousands of patients in Europe found that those who had Type A blood were more likely to have severe disease while those with Type O were less likely.Wednesday’s report in the New England Journal of Medicine does not prove a blood type connection, but it does confirm a previous report from China of such a link.“Most of us discounted it because it was a very crude study,” Dr. Parameswar Hari, a blood specialist at the Medical College of Wisconsin, said of the report from China. With the new work, “now I believe it,” he said. “It could be very important.”Other scientists urged caution.The evidence of a role for blood type is “tentative ... it isn’t enough of a signal to be sure,” said Dr. Eric Topol, head of the Scripps Research Translational Institute in San Diego.The study, involving scientists in Italy, Spain, Denmark, Germany and other countries, compared about 2,000 patients with severe COVID-19 to several thousand other people who were healthy or who had only mild or no symptoms. Researchers tied variations in six genes to the likelihood of severe disease, including some that could have a role in how vulnerable people are to the virus. They also tied blood groups to possible risk.Most genetic studies like this are much larger, so it would be important to see if other scientists can look at other groups of patients to see if they find the same links, Topol said.Many researchers have been hunting for clues as to why some people infected with the coronavirus get very ill and others, less so. Being older or male seems to increase risk, and scientists have been looking at genes as another possible “host factor” that influences disease severity.There are four main blood types — A, B, AB and O — and “it’s determined by proteins on the surface of your red blood cells,” said Dr. Mary Horowitz, scientific chief at the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.People with Type O are better able to recognize certain proteins as foreign, and that may extend to proteins on virus surfaces, Hari explained.During the SARS outbreak, which was caused by a genetic cousin of the coronavirus causing the current pandemic, “it was noted that people with O blood type were less likely to get severe disease,” he said.Blood type also has been tied to susceptibility to some other infectious diseases, including cholera, recurrent urinary tract infections from E. coli, and a bug called H. pylori that can cause ulcers and stomach cancer, said Dr. David Valle, director of the Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University.Bottom line: “It’s a provocative study. It’s in my view well worth publishing and getting out there,” but it needs verification in more patients, Valle said.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3086
A grief-stricken Pittsburgh community will have another day of funerals for victims of a synagogue shooting -- even as it struggles to comfort those affected by the massacre.In yet?another day?of anguish for the close-knit community, mourners will gather Wednesday to bury some of the 11 people killed when a gunman stormed the Tree of Life Synagogue on Saturday.Crowds packed funerals Tuesday, with long lines snaking through streets and busloads of people coming from synagogues nationwide. Pedestrians quietly watched as motorcades and hearses passed by, followed on foot by mourners dressed in black . Others held hands and wept.At least three people have been laid to rest in public funerals this week: Brothers David and Cecil Rosenthal, and Dr. Jerry Rabinowitz. Additional funerals are planned Wednesday and Thursday.Those killed were between ages 54 to 97. 898
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