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WASHINGTON, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Using the deepest X-ray image ever taken, astronomers found the first direct evidence that massive black holes were common in the early universe, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said Wednesday in a statement.The discovery from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows that very young black holes grew more aggressively than previously thought, in tandem with the growth of their host galaxies.By pointing Chandra at a patch of sky for more than six weeks, astronomers obtained what is known as the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). When combined with very deep optical and infrared images from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, the new Chandra data allowed astronomers to search for black holes in 200 distant galaxies, from when the universe was between about 800 million to 950 million years old."Until now, we had no idea what the black holes in these early galaxies were doing, or if they even existed," said Ezequiel Treister of the University of Hawaii, lead author of the study to appear Thursday in journal Nature. "Now we know they are there, and they are growing like gangbusters."The super-sized growth means that the black holes in the CDFS are less extreme versions of quasars -- very luminous, rare objects powered by material falling onto supermassive black holes. However, the sources in the CDFS are about a hundred times fainter and the black holes are about a thousand times less massive than the ones in quasars.The observations found that between 30 and 100 percent of the distant galaxies contain growing supermassive black holes. Extrapolating these results from the small observed field to the full sky, there are at least 30 million supermassive black holes in the early universe. This is a factor of 10,000 larger than the estimated number of quasars in the early universe."It appears we've found a whole new population of baby black holes," said co-author Kevin Schawinski of Yale University. "We think these babies will grow by a factor of about a hundred or a thousand, eventually becoming like the giant black holes we see today almost 13 billion years later."
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- Facebook on Thursday introduced a new feature called Open Graph, enabling users to access and share a wide range of media and lifestyle content on the social network site.According to Facebook's chief executive officer (CEO) Mark Zuckerberg, Open Graph lets users share what they are doing in Facebook-connected apps as they are doing it.These social apps focus on media apps including books, news, music, TV, movies and games, as well as lifestyle apps such as exercise, food, fashion and travel."The last five years of social networking have been about getting people signed up, and getting people connected with their lives. The next five years are going to be defined by the apps and depth of engagement," the young CEO said in a keynote speech at Facebook's f8 developer conference.Take music for example, Facebook integrates with European music streaming service Spotify. If one's Spotify account is connected to Facebook, a message will show up in the Ticker stating the song one is listening to and in the Timeline, a new design of one's profile page. The friends of the user can listen to the same song at the same time by hovering mouse over the song in Timeline or Ticker.Spotify founder and CEO Daniel Ek and movie streaming service Netflix CEO Reed Hastings also took stage as guest speakers to introduce their partnership with Facebook.Zuckerberg also introduced social news reading applications from major news organizations such as The Washington Post and Yahoo News, which allow users to access the content directly on Facebook.Earlier at the f8 conference, Timeline was unveiled as a new feature. It is a new profile design allowing users to scroll vertically through the big moments of one's life in a single page.Zuckerberg assured users that they have complete control over their Timeline, saying they can decide what content will appear and who can see it. The new feature will be available in a few weeks.Since Google launched its own social network "Google+" in June, Facebook has been in a combat mode, striving to roll out new products and features to beat the search giant. In his keynote speech on Thursday, Zuckerberg said half a billion people now use Facebook every day.Two days before the f8 conference, Google announced to open its social network to the public, noting it has introduced 100 new features in the three-month trial.
PHNOM PENH, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- The critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Mekong River numbers just 85, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) new research revealed on Wednesday.Calf survival was found to be very low, leading researchers to conclude that the small population is declining and at high risk of extinction, said the Fund's statement sent to Xinhua News Agency on Wednesday.According to Li Lifeng, Director of WWF's Freshwater Program, the research is based on photographic identification of dolphins through individually unique features of their dorsal fins. "Most of the dolphins can be identified, and we use that information to estimate the population size," he said.Although this population estimate is slightly higher than the previous estimate, the researchers were quick to note that the population had not increased over the last few years."With a larger dataset and recent analytical advances, previously unidentifiable dolphins which had few marks on their dorsal fins have been included," he added.However, surveys conducted from 2007 to 2010 show the population slowly declining."Evidence is strong that very few young animals survive to adulthood, as older dolphins die off and are not replaced," he explained."Pressures of gill net entanglement and high calf mortality we are really worried for the future of dolphins," Li said.However, Touch Seang Tana, chairman of Cambodia's Commission for Conversation and Development of the Mekong River Dolphins Eco- tourism Zone, rejected the WWF's finding, saying that last year, 4 dolphins were killed by fishing nets, but up to 7 newborn dolphin babies were found.He estimated that the total population of Mekong dolphins in the north-eastern provinces of Kratie and Stung Treng is between 155 and 177 now, up from just 100 in 2006.The Mekong River Irrawaddy dolphin has been listed as critically endangered on the World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species since 2004.
SANTO DOMINGO, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- The number of deaths caused by cholera in the Dominican Republic have increased to 109, and there are 15,876 suspect cases, according to government figures released on Friday.Public Health Ministry said in a statement that the intensity of the outbreak has been decreasing since six weeks ago, but the region of Gran Santo Domingo, which includes the Dominican capital city, still faces a serious epidemic situation.The government is developing preventive measures which include informing the population, careful observation of diarrhea cases, providing drinkable water and building new public toilets as part of efforts to contain the outbreak, it added.The latest Cholera outbreak appeared in the Dominican Republic last November, a month after cases were reported in Haiti.The Ministry said they stepped up efforts to monitor the situation after tropical storm "Emily" passed through parts of the country two weeks ago.After the beginning of the rain season, cholera cases have increased generally and all the public hospitals in the country are provided with supplies and medical staff to care for the people with symptoms of cholera or other tropical diseases.
BEIJING, June 3 (Xinhua) -- Google lacked evidence to support its accusations that Chinese hackers are behind the alleged cyber attacks on hundreds of its email accounts and the timing to make such accusations is evil-intentioned, Chinese experts said on Friday."Google's accusation is neither serious nor credible as it has not published any evidence that shows the hackers are from China," said Dai Yiqi, a cyber security expert with Tsinghua University.Eric Grosse, engineering director of Google's Security Team wrote on the company blog Wednesday that unidentified hacker attacks likely originated from the eastern Chinese city of Jinan, tried to collect user passwords of the Gmail accounts of hundreds of users, including senior U.S. government officials, Chinese "human rights activists" and journalists.A report released in 2009 by the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, an organization created by the U.S. Congress, claimed that Jinan is the home of a Chinese military reconnaissance office.An anonymous cyber security expert believes, despite Google not referring to the Chinese government in the latest attack claim, the company is targeting the Chinese government by listing the victims of the attacks as those whom only the Chinese government are interested in."Both their intentions and the timing of the accusation are dubious," Dai said.Google's accusation followed on the heel of the reported Pentagon's first formal cyber strategy. The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that the Pentagon concluded that computer sabotage coming from another country can count as an act of war and the United States may respond by using traditional military force.Li Shuisheng, a research fellow with a top military science academy of the People's Liberation Army, believes there are political motives behind Google's accusation.Google may well have attempted to instigate a new round of the cyber row between China and the United States, Li said.Wednesday's accusation by Google came more than a year after the company allegedly uncovered a cyber attack on its systems that it said it traced to China.In January, 2010, Google said it had been attacked by hackers supported by the Chinese government, and later announced to withdraw from Chinese mainland. The row ended up with Google redirecting Chinese mainland users to a site in Hong Kong.In such cyber attacks, it is easy to locate the IP address of hackers but hard to tell where the hackers actually are, said Dai."Hackers usually launch attacks by camouflaging their own IP addresses or controlling computers of others. Therefore, we can hardly tell the location of the hacker unless we have sufficient evidence," he said.China is one of the leading targets of cyber attacks. It has the world's largest number of computers infected with bot, a type of malware which allows a cyber attacker to gain control over the affected computer.About 13 percent of the world's computers infected with bot are in China."Without cooperation between governments, absolute security cannot be guaranteed in cyber community," said Li , adding only cooperation can ensure safe information exchange.