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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It’s almost time to welcome back the nail-biting excitement of the Scripps National Spelling Bee.This year’s countywide bee will be held on March 15 at the McMillin Companies Event Center at Liberty Station.Roughly 100 spellers are expected to take the stage, making competition fierce.Last year was an exciting year for the competition as it saw its youngest speller ever, Edith Fuller of Oklahoma, who was only 5-years-old when she qualified.Fuller went all the way to the national stage. The spelling bee has been around for more than nine decades.The bee was founded in 1925 and has been held every year since, except during the World War II years of 1943, 1944 and 1945.In 2017, the competition celebrated its 90th National Spelling Bee.2017’s winning word was marocain, which is “a ribbed crepe fabric used in women's clothing.”The Scripps National Spelling Bee will begin May 29 and end on May 31.  943

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It's been more than a month since the big ship fire in San Diego Bay.The flames are out but the boat is still there.It's become a sort of "morbid tourist attraction." Tourists and locals stopping to take photos of the charred Norton Sound bobbing up and down in the bay.RELATED: Multi-alarm fire erupts on fishing vessel docked in San Diego BayRestaurateur Melissa Moore was working just feet away when the ship mysteriously turned into a giant oven on Sept. 29. The smoke hung over Seaport Village sickening those nearby."As workers, we all started having headaches. We had to just leave," Moore recalled.Now it's early November and many are wondering why the boat is still parked in front of the Greek Islands Cafe - which Moore's family owns.RELATED: Questions remain after investigation into boat fire at San Diego HarborThe Port of San Diego told 10News they were working with the U.S. Coast Guard to move the ship as soon as possible. Contractors were disposing of chemicals on board.The Coast Guard cautioned there was no immediate leak or threat to the environment.Where did the ship come from?...10News learned the Norton Sound - which now has gaping holes in it - was originally owned by an American company in Seattle. It sailed into our bay in March.A San Diego shipping agent found it a place to dock. And then it was sold to a company in Mexico.Since the fire, a company employee has met with the Port and the Coast Guard at least once."I never did hear what was exactly in there," Moore said.No cargo was listed on the paperwork. San Diego Fire-Rescue said the cause of the fire was still under investigation, but there is currently no reason to suspect arson.So what now?...For now, the pier is locked off - which frustrates Moore."That is something people like to walk down," Moore said.RELATED: Mystery surrounds fishing boat that erupted in fire on San Diego BayStructural engineers must inspect it, according to the Coast Guard, and said the owner may not be able to afford to pay for the Norton Sound's removal.The Coast Guard is planning to use money from a special clean-up fund - paid for by a tax on oil refineries - to remove the ship. However, that may not happen for a few more weeks."The only positive thing is that people are still coming down here taking pictures.  (laughs)  other than that, they can take it away," Moore said. 2431

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — If you're looking for fun outdoors, it's your weekend!Chula Vista's annual Lemon Festival returns this weekend, featuring lemon-infused activities, foods and drinks, and fun, including several contests. The festival routinely brings tens of thousands to Third Avenue to mark the city's reign as "lemon capital of the world."Also returning this weekend is the Oceanside International Film Festival, giving attendees the chance to dig into the community's unique artistic talents and local and international filmmakers.Not interested in anything here? Check out the 10News?community events calendar for a look at even more things to doClairemont will also hold a free family day at the South Clairemont Recreation Center, will carnival rides, games, a car show, entertainment, pony rides, and more!Here's a look at some fun to check out around the county this weekend:THURSDAYOceanside International?Film FestivalWhere: Sunshine Brooks Theatre; Cost: - (Thursday - Sunday) Help kick off San Diego's film festival season at the Oceanside International Film Festival, featuring works from local and international filmmakers. Attendees also get the chance to visit the California Surf Museum, featured in "Top Gun," the Oceanside Museum of Art and other local institutions showcasing the town's unique artistic community. Santana Ways in concertWhere: Spreckels Organ Pavilion, Balboa Park; Cost: FreeRelax in Balboa Park to the sounds of Santana Ways, a Santana tribute band, as they take the stage for a free concert at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion.FRIDAYBon Odori FestivalWhere: Balboa Park; Cost: Free - (Friday and Saturday) Balboa Park's Japanese Friendship Garden and Buddhist Temple of San Diego will welcome guests to celebrate Bon Odori this weekend, or a "celebration of joy." Jump into family-friendly activities, Japanese festival foods, a beer garden, and more! Latin American FestivalWhere: Bazaar del Mundo, Old Town; Cost: Free(Friday - Sunday) More than 25 artists from Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, and other Latin American countries will display their vibrant works of art, jewelry, pottery, and many other pieces in Old Town.SATURDAYSan Diego Symphony: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in concertWhere: Embarcadero Park; Cost: - 1(Saturday and Sunday) Relive the fourth installment of the Harry Potter film franchise, as the San Diego Symphony plays the score to the film, live-to-screen. 29th annual Clairemont Family DayWhere: South Clairemont Recreation Center; Cost: FreeEnjoy a fun day out with the entire family at Clairemont's family day celebration. Check out a car show, free pony rides, free swimming at the recreation center pool, carnival rides, entertainment, and much more!SUNDAY22nd annual Chula Vista Lemon FestivalWhere: Third Avenue; Cost: FreeCelebrate Chula Vista's reign as "lemon capital of the world" during their brightest party of the year. The festival features lemon-infused activities, live bands, food and drinks, kids rides, and lemon-themed contests! Snorkel with leopard sharksWhere: La Jolla coastline; Cost: -Get close and personal with our neighbors to the west during some snorkeling in La Jolla with leopard sharks. Birch Aquarium experts will guide you as you meet a variety of sea life living among the kelp and sandy bottom of our coastline. 3420

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Kevin Luo of Pacific Trails Middle School has been crowned the winner of the 2018 countywide spelling bee. The event began at 9 a.m. at the McMillin Companies Event Center at Liberty Station and lasted for nearly four hours. Last year’s local winner was Pacific Trails Middle School student Yash Hande. Yash advanced to the 90th annual Scripps National Spelling Bee. Although he correctly spelled "Polynesian" in the second round and "demographic", he did not score high enough on his written test to advance to finals.WATCH THE BEE LIVE (MOBILE USERS CLICK HERE): 621