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HONG KONG, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) announced Friday that its surveying experts had successfully developed methodologies for precise mapping of the Moon, after intensive analysis of the data captured by the Chinese lunar orbiter ChangE-1 and other lunar exploration missions.According to the PolyU, the team has made significant contributions to lunar mapping. Their efforts culminated in the development of a unique and innovative approach to the creation of accurate 3D models of the lunar surface.The team has produced the most updated parameters of the lunar figure (the shape of the moon), which is essential for lunar mapping using 17.5 million laser altimetry measurements from the ChangE-1and the Japanese SELENE missions.In addition, they also used the new topographic and gravity models to calculate improved crustal thickness and mass distribution of the Moon and established that the average thickness of the Moon's crust is about 40 km on the near side and 50 km on the far side.It was introduced that the resulting lunar mapping was the hard work of a dedicated research team led by Professor Chen Yong-qi, Emeritus Professor of the Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, who is also serving on the Expert Committee of China's Lunar Exploration Programme (ECCLEP), with the concerted efforts of team members Prof. Chen Wu, Prof. Ding Xiao-li, Prof. Baki Iz, Dr. Bruce King, and Dr. Wu Bo.According to Chen Yong-qi, the lunar mapping project started in 2006. The primary objective was to develop the methodologies and techniques for mapping the Moon surface, which is much more challenging than mapping the Earth's surface because of very few surveyed control points which are essential for accurate map making.Statistics showed that there were only fourteen lunar laser ranging retro reflectors (LRRR) and Apollo lunar surface experiment package (ALSEP) transmitter sites with accurately known coordinates available only on the near side of the Moon, installed by the U.S. Apollo and former Soviet Union Luna missions in the 1960s.Moreover, according to the team, the gravitational field of the Moon is not as well-known as that of Earth, which means the accuracy of the computed lunar satellite's position at any given time is lower than for Earth satellites, thus degrading the mapping accuracy and reliability.In addition, the team expressed that highly reflective lunar surface created significant problems for the automatic processing of images to develop 3D models using the technique of photogramemtry, which is a widely used and highly reliable technique for the creation of maps and 3D models on Earth.Furthermore, the team also revealed they had a plan to compare such data with other data sources in order to evaluate the performance of the ChangE mapping sensors. Since Chen Yong-qi is serving on the ECCLEP, the team has direct access to more recent data captured by the ChangE satellite.

BEIJING, July 3 (Xinhuanet) -- The Atlantis mission to be launched by NASA on July 8 will not be an end to the space age, as some media suggest.Although it is the final mission of the space shuttle, it will open up "the next chapter" in the United States' space exploration, NASA's administrator Charles Bolden Jr said at the National Press Club in Washington on Friday."When I hear people say - or listen to media reports - that the final shuttle flight marks the end of US human space flight, I have to say . . . these folks must be living on another planet," he said."As a former astronaut and the current NASA administrator, I'm here to tell you that American leadership in space will continue for at least the next half-century because we have laid the foundation for success - and for NASA, failure is not an option," he said.NASA administrator Charles Bolden Jr drew a lot of media attention during his speech at the National Press Club in Washington DC.One of the foundations is the "unprecedented" research capabilities the International Space Station (ISS) now possesses, largely thanks to the space shuttle missions.Although some media imply that "the game will be up" once the ISS is out of orbit in 2020, he said the splendid research results and rich knowledge astronauts and scientists have accumulated through more than 1,200 experiments since 1998 have laid out "a stepping-stone to the rest of the solar system and the tip of what comes next".As NASA turns a new page, it will "focus on deep space exploration", while leaving US private companies to operate low Earth orbit transportation systems for tourism and business, he said.NASA will develop "a deep space crew vehicle and an evolvable heavy-lift rocket," he said. The moon, asteroids and Mars will be the next destinations for humans to live and work, he said."We will maintain and grow US leadership in space and derive all the benefits that flow from it. Tomorrow's space program is taking shape right now," he said.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 12 (Xinhua) -- Google+, the social networking service Google unveiled only two weeks ago, is estimated to surpass 10 million users on Tuesday, possibly becoming the fastest growing product in the history of the Internet.According to Ancestry.com founder Paul Allen (not the co- founder of Microsoft), after passing 10 million users, Google+ " could reach 20 million users by this coming weekend if they keep the Invite Button available."Allen looks for last names on Google+ and compares them with U. S. Census Bureau data on the popularity of surnames to statistically project the number of Google+ users."Since I have been tracking this same cohort of surnames from my first day, I am able to accurately measure growth over time," he said in a blog post on Google+ website.Google so far has not released any details about the Google+ users or the number of users. Speaking at a press event last Thursday in Sun Valley in the U.S. state of Idaho, former Google CEO and current Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt said there are " millions" of users.Industry watchers think the estimate may not be completely accurate, but Allen should be capturing the growth trajectory of Google+, which shows that a social network could undergo an exponential growth in its early days.

WASHINGTON, July 13 (Xinhua) -- Human neural stem cells are capable of helping people regain learning and memory abilities lost due to radiation treatment for brain tumors, a University of California, Irvine (UCI) study suggests.Research with rats found that stem cells transplanted two days after cranial irradiation restored cognitive function, as measured in one- and four-month assessments. In contrast, irradiated rats not treated with stem cells showed no cognitive improvement."Our findings provide solid evidence that such cells can be used to reverse radiation-induced damage of healthy tissue in the brain," said Charles Limoli, a UCI radiation oncology professor.Study results will appear Friday in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Radiotherapy for brain tumors is limited by how well the surrounding tissue tolerates it. Patients receiving radiation at effective levels suffer varying degrees of learning and memory loss that can adversely affect their quality of life."In almost every instance, people experience severe cognitive impairment that's progressive and debilitating," Limoli said. " Pediatric cancer patients can experience a drop of up to three IQ points per year."For the UCI study, multipotent human neural stem cells were transplanted into the brains of rats that had undergone radiation treatment. They migrated throughout the hippocampus -- a region known for the growth of new neurons -- and developed into brain cells.Researchers assessed the rats one month and four months after transplantation, noting enhanced learning and memory abilities at both intervals.Additionally, they found that transplanting as few as 100,000 human neural stem cells was sufficient to improve cognition after cranial irradiation. Of cells surviving the process, about 15 percent turned into new neurons, while another 45 percent became astrocytes and oligodendrocytes -- cells that support cerebral neurons.Most notably, Limoli said, he and his colleagues discovered that about 11 percent of the engrafted cells expressed a behaviorally induced marker of learning, indicating the functional integration of those cells into memory circuits in the hippocampus."This research suggests that stem cell therapies may one day be implemented in the clinic to provide relief to patients suffering from cognitive impairments incurred as a result of their cancer treatments," Limoli said.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 20 (Xinhua) -- Facebook will launch new music service with a music tab and music dashboard in partnership with other online music services at its f8 annual developer conference in August, U.S. media reported on Monday.According to technology blog GigaOM, users will find a new tab called Music in the left-hand column on their pages, right where Facebook lists Photos, Friends, Deals and etc., and clicking on the new tab will open a page called Music Dashboard.The dashboard will feature friends' recommended songs, top songs, top albums and a "happening now" ticker that shows songs friends are playing.The blog said Facebook had reached partnership with Europe's popular music streaming service Spotify, which is gearing up to enter the U.S. market, and other online music services.Much of the attention at f8 should be focused on music, the blog quoted sources as saying.Last month, Facebook CEO and co-founder Mark Zuckerberg said at the eG8 Forum in Paris that he believes Facebook will focus on streaming music next.

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