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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As COVID-19 cases surge, Governor Gavin Newsom says he’s considering the possibility of a statewide curfew that could draw on examples from Europe and the Middle East.The restrictions could also be informed by policies in San Diego County. The state has asked San Diego County to provide information about its 10 pm mandated closure policy for restaurants, a county spokesman said.Starting Friday, Los Angeles County will enact a similar measure it’s calling a “business curfew” that will require restaurants and other non-essential businesses to close at 10 pm.“We have a lot of questions about what [a statewide curfew] looks like,” Newsom said in a press conference Monday. “Who does it impact? Who doesn’t it impact? What does a real curfew mean in terms of certain kinds of industry and business activities? That’s what we’re referring to in this space.”Newsom seemed to suggest a statewide curfew isn’t a foregone conclusion, but said he is reviewing studies on curfews in France, Germany and Saudi Arabia. He later cited Portugal as another potential example.The decision on how to craft a curfew policy will be based on data from those studies, he said.In all four countries, restrictions have changed over time and it is not clear which iterations California is reviewing. The California Department of Health declined to provide more information when contacted Tuesday.“If we have additional details, we'll let you know,” a spokesperson said via email.Under France’s old rules, restaurants and bars had to close from 9 pm to 6 am. In Germany, restaurants previously closed at 10 pm. However, many European countries announced more strict lockdown measures in October amid surging rates of transmission that include limits on movement and travel.“Where there are areas that are very high risk, do you close them off in some way to not allow the spread to the areas with lower risk? We’ve seen that across the world,” said San Diego State University epidemiologist Dr. Eyal Oren.Under France’s new month-long lockdown, police ticket people who do not carry written permission justifying their need to leave home for a valid reason. Valid reasons include going to work, buying groceries, getting medical help or taking a child to schoolFrench citizens are allowed outside to exercise for one hour a day.In most of Portugal, shops close at 10 pm, restaurants close at 10:30 pm and people have to be in their homes by 11 pm with limited exceptions.On Saturdays and Sundays, the restrictions take effect even earlier: people have to stay home starting at 1 pm. There are also police checkpoints limiting travel between cities.Restrictions in Saudi Arabia have eased as the country prepares to host the G20 summit, but from March until late June the kingdom imposed a series of curfews that significantly limited movement.At times, police enforced a so-called “24-hour nationwide curfew.” Under this policy, people were only allowed outside their homes from 6 am until 3 pm for essential purposes like getting medicine, food or supplies. Individuals who left home were required to stay within their specific neighborhood; they were prohibited from traveling to other parts of a city.“Areas can be cordoned off to restrict transmission and that can work,” Dr. Oren said. “The degree to which people want to have the government do that is a whole different kind of question.”Dr. Oren said studies have shown links between curfews and lower case rates, but he says compliance and enforcement of those policies can be challenging.Many European countries paired their restrictions with big financial assistance programs to make them more popular. In Saudi Arabia, the kingdom covered 60 percent of employee salaries in the private sector and made healthcare free for everyone in the country.If the upcoming restrictions in Los Angeles County are any indicator, California’s statewide curfew could be very similar to restrictions already in place in San Diego County. But Dr. Oren said there would still be one significant difference: messaging.“I do think some of the words we’ve been using have become kind of stale,” he said, referring to phrases like stay-at-home orders.Simply labeling a policy as a “curfew” might help change the public’s perception of the dangers of the pandemic, he said. 4319

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As San Diegans ready their votes for the fate of Mission Valley's SDCCU Stadium site, a new poll indicates the likelihood of competing measures for the area.In a 10News/San Diego Union-Tribune poll conducted by SurveyUSA, Measure E, also known as the Soccer City Initiative, currently trails 3 to 2 among those surveyed.Measure G, known as SDSU West, leads 2 to 1 among those surveyed.RELATED: 430

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As drugmakers race to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus, several legal questions are emerging: could the government require people to get it? Could people who refuse to roll up their sleeves get banned from stores or lose their jobs?The short answer is yes, according to Dov Fox, a law professor and the director of the Center for Health Law Policy and Bioethics at the University of San Diego.“States can compel vaccinations in more or less intrusive ways,” he said in an interview. “They can limit access to schools or services or jobs if people don’t get vaccinated. They could force them to pay a fine or even lock them up in jail.”Fox noted authorities in the United States have never attempted to jail people for refusing to vaccinate, but other countries like France have adopted the aggressive tactic.The legal precedent dates back to 1905. In a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the court ruled Massachusetts had the authority to fine people who refused vaccinations for smallpox.That case formed the legal basis for vaccine requirements at schools, and has been upheld in subsequent decisions.“Courts have found that when medical necessity requires it, the public health outweighs the individual rights and liberties at stake,” Fox said.In 2019, New York City passed an ordinance that fined people who refused a measles vaccination.That said, recent protests over face coverings show there could be significant backlash to a vaccine mandate, Fox said. Just because states have the power to do it, doesn’t mean it’s the best public policy, he added.Although states would have the authority to mandate vaccinations, there’s more doubt about whether Congress could enact a federal requirement.The most likely federal vaccination requirement would come in the form of a tax penalty, but Fox said given the current composition of the Supreme Court, a federal vaccine requirement would likely be found unconstitutional.Opponents of a federal mandate would cite the Supreme Court’s 2012 decision on the Affordable Care Act, Fox said. In that case, the justices ruled that Congress could not use its powers to regulate interstate commerce to require people to buy health insurance, even though the ACA’s individual mandate was ultimately upheld on separate grounds.That means the U.S. could have a patchwork of different vaccine requirements in different states.States that explore a vaccine requirement should only do so if the vaccine is widely and readily available, Fox said.“Otherwise you create an underclass of people who are less safe and without access to the basic means of society,” he said.States would need to allow exemptions for people with legitimate medical risks, like pregnancy, but not exemptions on religious or philosophical grounds, he said.“Religious exemptions are not constitutionally required by the First Amendment’s Free Exercise clause, provided that the vaccine mandates don’t single out religion; they’re not motivated by a desire to interfere with it,” he said.In the workplace, private employers would have a lot of flexibility to require vaccinations and fire workers who refuse them for anything but legitimate medical concerns.As long as employers show there are significant costs associated with having unvaccinated workers, they would not need to offer religious exemptions to employees, Fox said.Under the 1964 Civil Rights Act, employers are not required to accommodate religious employees if doing so would pose more than a “de minimis,” or minimal cost. 3561

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Customs and Border Protection officials responded Monday to the arrival at San Diego’s U.S.-Mexico border of the first group of migrants from the caravan moving through Mexico.Some 85 people associated with the LGBTQ+ community are near the San Ysidro Port of Entry, according to journalist Jorge Nieto. While the majority of the migrants remain in Central Mexico, the Tijuana group left the others behind because they felt they were being discriminated against, Nieto said.“As the San Ysidro port of entry is at capacity, we anticipate that those individuals will continue to wait in Mexico until CBP is able to take them in to begin processing them, as we already have a number of individuals waiting to be processed,” a CBP spokesperson said Monday.RELATED: Interactive Map: Migrant caravan journeys to U.S.-Mexico border / Timeline: Migrant caravan travels to border / Photos: Migrant caravan makes its way to border“When our ports of entry reach capacity, when their ability to manage all of their missions — counter-narcotics, national security, facilitation of lawful trade — is challenged by the time and the space to process people that are arriving without documents, from time to time we have to manage the queues and address that processing based on that capacity.”CBP officials said the number of inadmissible individuals it can process varies based upon the complexity of the case, available resources, medical needs, translation requirements, holding and detention space, overall port volume, and ongoing enforcement actions.“No one is being denied the opportunity to make a claim of credible fear or seek asylum,” said the CBP.RELATED: First group of migrants arrives in TijuanaOfficials said the agency allows more people into its facilities for processing once space becomes available. Members of the migrant caravan may need to wait in Mexico as officers process others already in their facilities.The LGBTQ+ group took buses to Tijuana and is currently living at an Airbnb in Playas de Tijuana, funded by U.S. lawyers for the group.It is not clear when the group will attempt to seek asylum in the United States. 2169

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — At least six companies are working on COVID-19 vaccine candidates in San Diego, all within a 1.5-mile radius of where the I-5 and I-805 split.Locally, the farthest along appears to be Inovio Pharmaceuticals, which plans to launch a Phase 2 trial next month, potentially with a simultaneous Phase 3 trial. A Phase 3 trial is the final step in vaccine testing, with thousands of participants.The company is developing the vaccine using a DNA technique that isn’t used in any other vaccines on the market, although some are in the final stages of testing, said Dr. Kate Broderick, who leads Inovio’s vaccine program.To ensure the DNA enters a person’s cells, the company uses a proprietary device about the size of a toothbrush to deliver doses into the skin rather than a needle and syringe. The company announced Tuesday it secured a million grant from the Department of Defense to speed up production of the devices.Just down the street, TriLink Biotechnologies is working with researchers in London on a vaccine candidate that replicates itself in the body. It just started a Phase 1 trial this month.Nearby, Sorrento Therapeutics is working on both a COVID-19 vaccine and a treatment, but it hasn’t advanced yet to human trials. 10News previously featured the company’s efforts, which are based on techniques developed to fight cancer.On the other side of the 805, Arcturus Therapeutics is working with Duke University on a vaccine based on RNA, which acts as a messenger for DNA. There are no vaccines approved for humans that use this RNA approach. Trials are expected to begin in August, according to a tracker by the Milken Institute.UC San Diego is developing a vaccine using plant virus nanotechnology, leveraging an approach that’s used in vaccines against Hepatitis B and shingles. The university is also taking part in research on a COVID treatment.A spokeswoman for San Francisco-based Vir Biotechnology says the company is using its San Diego satellite office to help crunch data for the work on its vaccine, which is a collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).GSK, Janssen, and Pfizer each have vaccine candidates of their own and offices near the 5-805 split, but 10News was not able to immediately confirm if any of those companies were conducting COVID research locally. 2318