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BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Miners, construction workers and people in hotel and food service industry are most likely to smoke in the U.S., according to new research finding.The finding was contained in a report released Thursday by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).According to the finding, miners and people in hotel and food service have a cigarette smoking rate of 30 percent, followed closely by construction workers' 29.7 percent.Both rates are much higher than the average smoking rate of 19.6 percent among all U.S. working adults.Workers in the education services industry have the lowest smoking rate, with 9.7 percent, followed by the 10.9 percent of workers in company management, the report said.Low education levels are a factor in high smoking rates, along with poverty and gender, said Ann Malarcher, senior scientific adviser at the CDC."Although some progress has been made in reducing smoking prevalence among working adults," the report wrote, "additional effective employer interventions need to be implemented."Smoking kills an estimated 443,000 each year in the U.S., costing about 193 billion U.S. dollars annually in direct health care expenses and productivity loss.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have increased the estimate of the number of humpback whales in the North Pacific Ocean, according to a paper published Tuesday in the Marine Mammal Science journal.The increase follows a refined statistical analysis of data compiled in 2008 from the largest whale survey ever carried out to appraise humpback whale populations throughout the North Pacific.The number of North Pacific humpback whales in the 2008 study, known as the Structure of Populations, Levels of Abundance and Status of Humpbacks, or SPLASH, was estimated at just under 20,000 based on a preliminary look at the data.The latest research indicates the population to be over 21,000 and possibly even higher -- a significant improvement to the scant 1,400 humpback whales estimated in the North Pacific Ocean at the end of commercial whaling in 1966."These improved numbers are encouraging, especially after we have reduced most of the biases inherent in any statistical model," said Jay Barlow, marine mammal biologist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)."We feel the numbers may even be larger since there have been across-the-board increases in known population areas and unknown areas have probably seen the same increases," Barlow added.The SPLASH research was a three-year project started in 2004 involving NOAA scientists and hundreds of other researchers from the United States, Japan, Russia and some other countries.It was the first systematic survey ever attempted to determine the humpback whales' overall population, structure and genetic makeup in the North Pacific.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Kepler mission has confirmed its first planet in the "habitable zone," a region where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface, the U.S. space agency announced on Monday.The newly-confirmed planet, Kepler-22b, is the smallest yet found to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a star similar to Sun. The planet is about 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Scientists don't yet know if Kepler-22b has a predominantly rocky, gaseous or liquid composition, but its discovery is a step closer to finding Earth-like planets.Previous research hinted at the existence of near-Earth-size planets in habitable zones, but clear confirmation proved elusive. Two other small planets orbiting stars smaller and cooler than Sun recently were confirmed on the very edges of the habitable zone, with orbits more closely resembling those of Venus and Mars.Kepler-22's star is a bit smaller than our sun, so its habitable zone is slightly closer in. The diagram shows an artist's rendering of the planet comfortably orbiting within the habitable zone, similar to where Earth circles the sun. Kepler-22b has a yearly orbit of 289 days. The planet is the smallest known to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a sun-like star. It's about 2.4 times the size of Earth."This is a major milestone on the road to finding Earth's twin, " said Douglas Hudgins, Kepler program scientist at the NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Kepler's results continue to demonstrate the importance of NASA's science missions, which aim to answer some of the biggest questions about our place in the universe."Kepler discovers planets and planet candidates by measuring dips in the brightness of more than 150,000 stars to search for planets that cross in front, or "transit," the stars. Kepler requires at least three transits to verify a signal as a planet."Fortune smiled upon us with the detection of this planet," said William Borucki, Kepler principal investigator at the NASA Ames Research Center who led the team that discovered Kepler-22b. "The first transit was captured just three days after we declared the spacecraft operationally ready. We witnessed the defining third transit over the 2010 holiday season."The Kepler science team uses ground-based telescopes and the Spitzer Space Telescope to review observations on planet candidates the spacecraft finds. The star field that Kepler observes in the constellations Cygnus and Lyra can only be seen from ground-based observatories in spring through early fall. The data from these other observations help determine which candidates can be validated as planets.Kepler-22b is located 600 light years away. While the planet is larger than Earth, its orbit of 290 days around a Sun-like star resembles that of Earth. The planet's host star belongs to the same class as Sun, called G-type, although it is slightly smaller and cooler.Of the 54 habitable-zone planet candidates reported in February 2011, Kepler-22b is the first to be confirmed. This finding will be published in The Astrophysical Journal.

VIENNA, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- China is to further help the least developed countries (LDCs) in their development effort through zero-tariff treatment and other measures, Yu Jianhua, China's Assistant Commerce Minister said here Friday.Addressing a LDCs Ministerial Meeting in Vienna, Yu said China will focus on six concrete measures to advance the implementation of the Programme of Action (IPoA), adopted by the Fourth United Nations Conference on LDCs in Istanbul in May.First, as announced by Chinese president Hu Jintao during the G20 summit in Cannes, China would, in the context of South-South cooperation, give zero-tariff treatment to 97 percent of the tariff items of exports to China from the LDCs that have diplomatic relations with China.Second, tilt foreign aid further to the LDCs.Third, carry out cooperation in livelihood projects in the LDCs, including hospital, school, domestic water use and clear energy.Fourth, strengthen agricultural cooperation with the LDCs, including the increase of food aid, dispatching agricultural and technical experts.Fifth, strengthen personnel education in the LDCs to build capacity for self-development.Sixth, continuously promote the establishment of economic and trade cooperation zone in the LDCs by Chinese companies.Yu said that debt crisis in some countries, turmoil in financial markets, inflation pressure in emerging countries; extreme weather and recurrent natural disasters have brought enormous harm to the economies of the LDCs.In this situation, the global community should stand united to give more supports to the LDCs, he stressed.For a long time, China has actively supported the LDCs, under the framework of the South-South Cooperation, through economic and technical aids, debt reduction and personnel training and increase of imports from these countries, he said.Meanwhile, Yu praised the unique role of the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in implementing the IPoA, helping structural transformation in the LDCs and promoting the sustainable development.He also said that the Chinese government would continue to support the UNIDO and help the LDCs develop their economies in an all-round way.

BEIJING Jan. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have found a plant in Brazil using leaves to capture the tiny worms in the soil, according to Monday's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the U.S.The plant, named Philcoxia, was found in the tropical grassland of Brazil, where the biodiversity is well conserved.As the scientists searching for the answer of why the plant grows the leaves underground, they found the 1.5 millimeters-wide leaves can trap the worms and produce a digestive enzyme to help its roots to absorb the nutrition.Although it is not the first meat-eating plant to be discovered, the finding has still "broaden up our perception about plants," according to researcher Rafael Silva Oliveira, a plant ecologist at the State University of Campinas in Brazil.It suggests that carnivorous plants "may have evolved independently more times in plants than previously thought," he added

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