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BEIJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, opened its bimonthly session Monday to read a series of draft laws.During the six-day session, lawmakers are reading, for the second time, a draft amendment to the Criminal Law, a draft revision to the Law on Water and Soil Conservation, and a draft law on intangible cultural heritage.In the draft amendment to the Criminal Law, harsher punishment are to be handed down for principal offenders of organized crimes.Organized crime chiefs will face longer jail terms of up to 15 years and "core members" of organized crime gangs could be jailed for up to seven years, under the proposed amendment to the Criminal Law.Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), presides over the first plenary meeting of the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th NPC in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 20, 2010. The law currently stipulates that organizers, leaders and core members of crime gangs are all subject to jail terms ranging from three to 10 years.Drivers involved in car racing, which have caused "serious consequences" and drunk drivers would be detained and fined, the draft amendment says.Under a proposed change to the Criminal Law, the death penalty will not be given to people aged 75 years or more at the time of trial except if they used exceptional cruelty when murdering another.The amendment, which is the eighth to the country's 1997 version of the Criminal Law, is meant to further implement the policy of tempering justice with mercy.If the amendment becomes law, it will be a major move to limit the use of the death penalty, after the Supreme People's Court in 2007 began to review and approve all death penalty decisions.According to the draft revision of the Water and Soil Conservation Law, local authorities must seek public and expert opinions before drawing up soil and water conservation plans.The draft also stipulates that penalties for the loss of soil and water must be included in land-use contracts reached with local governments.Also, the amendment stipulates that public servants responsible for supervising and managing food safety will face up to ten years in jail for dereliction of duty or abuse of power in the case of a severe food safety incident.The draft further broadens the conditions for food safety crimes. It says those who produce and sell a harmful food product will be punished, even if poisonings fail to occur.On a different matter, according to the draft Law on Intangible Cultural Heritage, foreign organizations and individuals will have to obtain government approval before conducting surveys of intangible cultural heritage in China.Also, they will have to conduct surveys in cooperation with Chinese ICH research institutions.The top legislature conducted the first reading of the draft laws in August.The legislature will also examine three reports from the State Council on boosting economic and social development in ethnic minority areas, deepening reform of health care systems and stepping up the development of the service sector.Additionally, lawmakers will discuss a report from the NPC inspection team on the enforcement of the country's Energy Conservation Law.They will also consider a bill on a draft resolution to convene the fourth annual session of the 11th NPC.The session was presided over by Wu Bangguo, Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee.

BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhuanet) --The amendment of China's organ transplant regulations is being prepared and may be out in March after revision, said Vice-Health Minister Huang Jiefu."It will give legal footing to the Red Cross Society of China to set up and run China's organ donation system," he told China Daily.The organ transplant regulations that the amendment will update have been in use since 2007."With the amendment, China will be a step closer to building up a national organ donation system, which is being run as a pilot project in 11 provinces and regions now, and thus ensure the sustainable and healthy development of organ transplants and save more lives," he said.The Red Cross Society's responsibilities will include encouraging posthumous voluntary organ donations, establishing a list of would-be donors and drawing up registers of people waiting for a suitable donated organ.The long-awaited system will be available to everyone in China (excluding prisoners) wanting to donate their organs after their death in the hope of saving lives.Currently, about 10,000 organ transplants are carried out each year on the Chinese mainland. It is estimated that around 1.3 million people are waiting for a transplant.However, there had been a lack of a State-level organ donor system before a trial project was launched in March 2010. Currently, organ donations have come mainly from volunteers and executedprisoners with written consent either from themselves or family members. The process has been put under strict scrutiny from the judicial department, according to the Ministry of Health."An ethically proper source of organs for China's transplants that is sustainable and healthy would benefit more patients," Huang said.He said a trial project run by the Red Cross Society and the Ministry of Health, which was started last March in 11 regions, has led to 30 free and voluntary organ donations."As the pilot gradually expands nationwide, more people will be willing to donate in China."He said willing organ donors, who die in traffic accidents or because of conditions such as a stroke will be the most suitable.Huang stressed that a compensatory aid program for organ donations will also be necessary and he suggested that donors' medical bills and burial fees should be covered and a tax deduction offered, rather than a fixed cash sum paid.Luo Gangqiang, a division director in charge of organ donation work with the Red Cross Society in Wuhan - one of the 11 trial regions - said cash compensation in some areas has prompted potential donors to shop around when deciding whether to donate."Few details concerning the system have been fixed so far," he told China Daily.Luo noted that his region is currently offering donors 10,000 yuan (,500) in compensation, which is less than the amount on offer in Shenzhen, another area participating in the pilot project.He said the money is mainly from hospitals receiving the organs.In other words, "it's finally from the recipients", he said.Many of the pilot areas are trying to set up special funds mainly to compensate donors in various forms, according to Luo."Donations from transplant hospitals, recipients, corporations and the general public are welcome."The money will also be used to support the work of coordinators, mainly nurses working in ICUs, he noted.Luo also pointed out a pressing need for brain death legislation to be brought in to help their work. Worldwide more than 90 countries take brain death as the diagnostic criterion to declare death.Given the limited understanding among the public and even some medical workers about when brain death happens and when cardiac arrest happens coupled with various social and cultural barriers to removing organs, "legislation on brain death won't come shortly", Huang said.For the official standard, "we should advise cardiac death at present as a death standard for donations", he said.But he also suggested that cardiac death and brain death could coexist and that Chinese people could be allowed to choose which one they want as the criterion for their own donations, based on individual circumstances and free will."The health ministry will promote brain death criterion at the appropriate time, when people can understand concepts such as brain death, euthanasia, and vegetative states," he said.Meanwhile, efforts are under way including organizing training, publishing technical diagnostic criteria and operational specifications on brain death among doctors to enhance their awareness.So far, China has an expert team of more than 100 people capable of handling brain death related issues, Huang noted.

JINAN, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- China and the Republic of Korea (ROK)Tuesday launched a joint land and sea transport services in a bid to cut logistics costs and boost trade.Semi-trailers loaded with cargo can now be shipped between Qingdao, Rizhao, Yantai, Weihai, Longyan and Shidao in the eastern Chinese province of Shandong and Incheon, Pyungtack and Kunsan in the ROK.The service can cut transport time by 3.5 hours and reduce costs by 50 U.S. dollars per container, as trailers can be driven directly to customers without unloading and loading, according to the ROK's Transport Research Institute.The service is expected to boost the shipments of fresh vegetables, live fish and other fragile products such as glass and electronics.Gao Hongtao, deputy director of the Shandong Provincial Transportation Bureau, said that with continuous oxygen charging and temperature control, the service can increase by 10 percent the survival rate of live fish exported from Weihai to the ROK.The two countries would later allow trucks to be shipped, according to an agreement they signed in September. The ports might also later include locations such as northeast China's Liaoning Province, according to Ju Chengzhi, director of the international cooperation department with China's Ministry of Transport.This year marks the 20th year since the launching of cargo, passenger and container sea transport services between China and the ROK. China has become the ROK's largest trading partner, both as its largest importer and exporter.

BEIJING, Dec. 25 (Xinhua) -- Top Chinese political advisor Jia Qinglin Saturday called for strengthening work in cities to assure the nation's ethnic unity is maintained.Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), made the call in a written instruction to a seminar held on Friday and Saturday in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, to discuss increasing ethnic unity in urban areas.He urged officials to strengthen the management of ethnic work in cities in line with law, ensure decent services to people of all ethnic groups, and promote the education of ethnic unity to realize the prosperity and co-development of all ethnic groups in China.Speaking at the seminar, Vice Premier Hui Liangyu ordered officials of city level governments to properly deal with ethnic issues to speed the progress of national unity.Hui noted that ethnic work in urban areas played a vital part in China's overall ethnic work, and the improvement of urban ethnic work is more important and urgent than ever.He urged all-out efforts be taken to ensure the legal interests of ethnic people and resolve the difficulties and problems they encounter at work and in life in general.

BEIJING, Nov. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on Saturday discussed the latest situation on the Korean Peninsula in phone calls with Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov and Japanese foreign minister Seiji Maehara.The discussions follow an artillery exchange between South Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) in waters off the west coast of the divided peninsula on Tuesday.During the conversations, Yang said safeguarding peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula served the common interests of concerned parties.Those parties should call on the DPRK and South Korea to exercise calmness and restraint and hold dialogue and make contacts, and not to take actions that would escalate the conflict, he said.He said all parties should work together to help cool the situation as soon as possible and effectively ensure no repeat of such conflict.Meanwhile, the Chinese minister expressed the hope that concerned parties would take a reasonable and pragmatic approach to actively create favorable conditions for resuming the six-party talks.The parties should also commit themselves to establish related mechanisms at an early date to eliminate various factors threatening peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in the whole region.Lavrov said Russia agreed with China on the latest situation and was ready to keep close contact with China to help defuse the tensions on the peninsula and create conditions for a restart of the six-party talks.Maehara said that Japan is willing to work together with China to jointly safeguard peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and push forward the denuclearization process of the Peninsula.During Tuesday's incident, shells landed on South Korea's Yeonpyeong Island near the contentious sea border called Northern Limit Line (NLL). The clash left four South Koreans dead, while damages to the DPRK have yet to be verified.