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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The city is backing state legislation that would change when police can use lethal force. The bill would authorize officers to use deadly force only when it is necessary to prevent imminent and serious bodily injury or death. Currently, police can shoot to kill when an objectively reasonable officer would do the same.Democratic Assemblywoman Shirley Weber, who represents the South Bay, co-authored the legislation."The current standard hits communities of color especially hard," she said. "Young black men are 20 times as likely to be killed by police as their white peers." More than 100 people spoke in favor of the bill Tuesday as dozens of officers looked on.San Diego Police Chief David Nisleit called the bill well-intentioned but based on flawed data. He noted while officers killed 172 people in 2017 and only half had guns, more than 90 percent had other potentially lethal weapons. "Officers must make the best call they can with the information available to them at a critical time, and sometimes factors like human limitations in processing information will cause them to make decisions that turn out to be wrong," he said. The bill's now in the assembly.The council voted 6-2, with Scott Sherman and Mark Kersey opposed. Councilman Chris Cate abstained. 1299

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Last Real Gym on North Park’s University Avenue took to the streets immediately after it became illegal to operate indoors in mid-July.The whole experiment lasted five days.“The sidewalks are pretty dirty between dog poop, dog pee … and human poop from the homeless sleeping on my side of the building,” owner Frank Kole said Friday.Kole decided to move everything back indoors in defiance of the Gov. Newsom’s July 13 health order meant to slow the spread of the coronavirus.RELATED: Former member of The Gym in Pacific Beach shares experience“Indoors I'm able to bleach, sanitize, wipe after every single use on the equipment that a member uses, and there's not a homeless person or a dog coming by to pee on it in between that,” Kole said.Kole said he's taking serious measures to keep people safe indoors, with hand sanitizing stations, plexiglass barriers, directional walking signs, and instructions to wipe down equipment.And also, no mask, no access.“I'm not going to lie, I'm not being nice about it,” Kole said. “If you're not wearing your mask, get out. Cuz I have another sign that says ‘masks on.’ If I have to remind you to put your mask on, I'm going to ask you to leave, I'm not playing games.”RELATED: County confirms coronavirus outbreak at Pacific Beach gymKole moved back inside July 20. Since that time, county officials identified a different gym that defied the order, called The Gym in Pacific Beach, as the site of an outbreak.Kole expressed confidence in his safety measures. He says San Diego Police officers have visited him twice, educating him, but he still has not received a county warning letter.In a statement, a county spokesman expressed regret for Kole’s situation.“While we sympathize with his situation outside, moving back inside goes against current state guidance for gyms,” the statement said. “It would be ideal if he could get some assistance from his local government to allow for safe, clean operations outside.”RELATED: Gyms lawyer up to stay open amid pandemicA spokeswoman for the City of San Diego said the area would be noted on the next scheduled sidewalk cleaning for North Park, Aug. 5. She said, however, that residents and businesses can always report problems earlier using the city’s Get-it-Done app. 2290

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The door-to-door salesman accused of taking swings at a Pacific Beach woman and a string of threatening outbursts while canvassing neighborhoods is behind bars.An arrest warrant was issued on Dec. 6, 2019, for 45-year-old Corey Lamont Terry on felony charges of making criminal threats and attempted burglary, according to the San Diego County District Attorney’s Office. According to San Diego Police, Terry was arrested by Sheriff's deputies on Jan. 9. He is currently being held on 0,000 bail.RELATED: Woman records confrontation with man claiming to be charity worker Police had been investigating Terry since November 2019 after several San Diegans complained of his aggressive language while he solicited money door-to-door, SDPD Lt. Shawn Takeuchi told 10News. Terry had reportedly been visiting neighborhoods in Pacific Beach and Ocean Beach, claiming to be raising money for charity.Several people told 10News he would become aggressive when he was denied donations."He chases me across the street, screaming that he's going to kill me," Sarah Jarzabek told 10News. "Scared to death, honestly."Jarzabek recorded video of a confrontation with Terry on Nov. 2, 2019. SDPD positively identified the man who reportedly swung at Jarzabek as Terry. He was detained and questioned the next day, but ultimately released.“It’s a little bit concerning he’s still out there,” said John Christenson, an Ocean Beach resident who said he encountered Terry on Oct. 16, 2019. “Basically said that he did want to knock me out, was getting in my face, calling me all kinds of names. Finally he did leave but not before spitting in my face." 1661

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Camp Pendleton Marine accused of trying to smuggle migrants through the San Ysidro Port of Entry this month has been identified.Bryan Oneal Newell Jr. was arrested Dec. 2 by U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel at the San Ysidro Port of Entry, according to Camp Pendleton. Newell is accused of trying to bring undocumented immigrants into the U.S.Newell, a junior-enlisted Marine, was being held in civilian custody while CBP and the Naval Criminal Investigative Service investigated.RELATED: Marine accused of trying to smuggle immigrants through San Ysidro Port of EntryCamp Pendleton said Newell was not part of military personnel sent to the border to assist personnel with border operations.Newell is the most recent Marine from Camp Pendleton to be charged in an immigration scandal. In July, 23 Marines were detained over human trafficking, drug distribution, and weapons charges, according to the base.Of those 1st Marine Division Marines, six have pleaded guilty at court martial appearances while 13 have approved agreements to leave the Marines rather than go through court martials or waiving separation board processes. Four remaining Marines are currently in the adjudication process. 1237