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LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

SAN FRANCISCO, March 23 (Xinhua) -- Yahoo Inc. on Wednesday introduced a new feature to its search engine, which the company said can deliver answers and direct access to websites before users complete their query or hit the search button.The new feature, called Search Direct, predicts search results as fast as a person types and presents those results dynamically, Yahoo said."With today's launch, direct answers -- not the search results page -- is the primary focus. We are redefining the search process and prominently displaying direct answers where search decisions are being made," Shashi Seth, Yahoo's senior vice president of search and marketplaces, said in a statement."Search Direct is evidence of Yahoo continuing to lead innovation in search, enabling people to take action faster, find what is most important, and sample what is possible with the next stage of search technology," he added.Yahoo announced that Search Direct is rolling out in a public test version to its users across the United States Wednesday, and will be available in other Yahoo products and markets later this year.

LOS ANGELES, April 1 (Xinhua) -- A NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft equipped with a synthetic aperture radar is scheduled to depart Sunday, April 3 on a nine-day mission to image Hawaii volcanoes, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Friday.The aircraft will fly from the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, California to the Big Island of Hawaii to study the Kilauea volcano that recently erupted, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.The mission will help scientists better understand processes occurring under Earth's surface, JPL said.Developed by JPL, the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar, or UAVSAR, uses a technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar that sends pulses of microwave energy from the aircraft to the ground to detect and measure very subtle deformations in Earth's surface, such as those caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and glacier movements.As the Gulfstream-III flies at an altitude of about 12,500 meters, the radar, located in a pod under the aircraft's belly, will collect data over Kilauea, according to JPL.The UAVSAR's first data acquisitions over this volcanic region took place in January 2010, when the radar flew over the volcano daily for a week. The UAVSAR detected deflation of Kilauea's caldera over one day, part of a series of deflation-inflation events observed at Kilauea as magma is pumped into the volcano's east rift zone.This month's flights will repeat the 2010 flight paths to an accuracy of within 5 meters, or about 16.5 feet, assisted by a Platform Precision Autopilot designed by engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California, JPL said.By comparing these camera-like images, interferograms are formed that reveal changes in Earth's surface, said JPL.Between March 5 and 11, 2011, a spectacular fissure eruption occurred along the east rift zone. Satellite radar imagery captured the progression of this volcanic event."The April 2011 UAVSAR flights will capture the March 2011 fissure eruption surface displacements at high resolution and from multiple viewing directions, giving us an improved resolution of the magma injected into the east rift zone that caused the eruption," said JPL research scientist Paul Lundgren."Our goal is to be able to deploy the UAVSAR on short notice to better understand and aid in responding to hazards from Kilauea and other volcanoes in the Pacific region covered by this study," Lundgren added.

BEIJING, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) -- China's railways transported about 77.34 million passengers during the fifteen days (Jan. 19 to Feb. 2) before the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Railways said.The figure was about 9.5 percent higher than the same period last year and set a new record, according to a report posted on the ministry's website.There were an average of 5.16 million passengers per day, up 448,000 from the same period last year. On Jan. 29, passengers topped 5.78 million, setting a new record for daily transportation before the Spring Festival, the report said.In the fifteen days before the festival, about 4.80 million passengers left Beijing, 8.39 million left Guangzhou and 5.69 million left Shanghai, while year-on-year growth and those leaving Guangzhou rose the most, up 15 percent year on year, said the report.The ministry said challenges still exist as more snow and rain will hit southern China after the Spring Festival, when passengers are returning.China's busy Spring Festival transportation season runs for 40 days and is calculated in two phases: 15 days before the Spring Festival and 25 days after the Spring Festival, the report explained.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Snow fell again in Beijing Saturday night, three days after the city had its first snow this winter.Snow continued falling on Sunday morning but was forecasted to stop in the daytime.From 8:00 p.m. Saturday to 8:00 a.m. Sunday, precipitation in Beijing averaged 1.7 mm to 3.1 mm in downtown areas, local meteorologists said.Zhang Qiang, head of the municipal artificial weather intervention office, said the office began cloud seeding and was continuing efforts to increase snowfall from 7:25 p.m. Saturday in the nine districts and counties of Miyun, Mentougou, Yanqing, Haidian, Pinggu, Changping, Shijingshan, Fangshan and Huairou.By 8:20 a.m. Sunday, 657 silver iodide rods had been used to increase the snowfall.More than 3,583 people and 768 vehicles have been mobilized since Saturday to clear the snow on major roads of Beijing to ensure road transportation, according to the city transportation departments.Beijing had its first snow of the winter Wednesday and Thursday after 108 days of zero precipitation.Meteorologists said the snowfall in Beijing had helped ease the pressure of drought."Beijing is expected to have another cold front from Feb. 15 to Feb. 16, but it is not sure if there will be another snowfall then," said Liao Xiaonong, chief weatherman with the Beijing Meteorological Bureau.