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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Interstate 15 Express Lane signs are being changed from white to green, with other improvements, at a cost of .5 million, the San Diego County Association of Governments said Thursday.A research effort determined that the existing signs could be difficult for drivers to read, and that information about toll rates and permission to use the lanes was unclear, according to SANDAG."There's quite a bit of confusion on the motorists part, trying to understand, can I actually get in there as a carpool or not?" said Ray Traynor, SANDAG's director of operations. "Having a system that's clear to the end users is vitally important so that the lanes operate effectively."A spokesman for Caltrans says research showed a green sign with white text was more difficult to read, with the amount of information on the sign. The I-15 Express Lanes stretch for 20 miles between SR-78 in Escondido and SR-163 in Kearny Mesa. There are more than 16 access points where drivers can move in or out of the lanes.WHAT WILL CHANGEThe upgraded signs were designed to address the concerns from I-15 commuters.Improvements include: 1153

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Lifeguards removed a body found floating in the ocean off Sunset Cliffs Friday morning, according to San Diego Fire-Rescue.First responders were notified about 9:30 a.m. about the remains near Point Loma Ave. Lifeguards removed the body and transported it to their headquarters, officials said.The person had been in the water “a while”, according to San Diego Police.Officers told 10News they would be handling the discovery as a death report and not sending a homicide team to investigate.The person's identity and cause of death were not immediately available. 590

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s a form of paid time off that predates sick leave.California requires businesses to give an employee up to two hours of paid time off on Election Day to vote, if the employee is unable to vote during non-working hours.“They can take advantage of this paid time off at either the beginning of their shift or at the end of their shift and they can take as much time as they need to vote. But realize that only up to two hours of that time is going to be with pay,” said attorney Dan Eaton.Eaton said Californians have had some sort of mandatory paid time off to vote since 1891, making it the oldest kind of mandatory PTO.Workers who want to take advantage of this must notify their bosses two working days in advance. For people who work Monday through Friday, Eaton said they need to inform their bosses first thing Friday morning, although there are exceptions for unforeseen circumstances.The caveat is that this right is only for employees who cannot vote during their non-working hours.It’s somewhat harder to make that argument this election cycle at a time when every registered voter in California got a mail-in ballot, and early in-person voting at polling places begins Saturday, but Eaton doesn’t expect much pushback from companies.“There could be a court dispute but the optics of that are not going to be good even if, ultimately, the employer is legally justified,” he said.Even though turnout is on pace to be record-breaking this year, the U.S. still ranks near the bottom in voter participation each year. It ranked 26 out of 32 countries in the 2016 election, according to the Pew Research Center.So why not follow some other countries and make Election Day a national holiday?The idea has been floated before but it hasn’t gotten far. Senator Bernie Sanders tried unsuccessfully in 2018.“A federal holiday does not guarantee that your employer is going to close. And they’re expensive. Federal holidays tend to cost the federal government 450 million dollars just in personnel costs just for the one day in overtime,” said Matthew Weil at the Bipartisan Policy Center.Rather than a federal holiday, Weil said state holidays on Election Day can be helpful and several states have them. Among other advantages, he said they free up schools to be used as polling places.But state holidays won’t give many voters the day off from work. 2381

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Locals gathered in Mission Bay Saturday to protest a hotel's expansion plans which they say will complicate public parking and access.The Bahia Resort Hotel has planned a number of changes to the area surrounding the hotel, aimed at adding lawn and picnic areas. The plans for the expansion were approved by the City Council in 1994. Hotel owner Bill Evans said there have been more than 110 meetings on the subject.Hundreds of protestors paddled out Saturday with signs calling to "save Bahia Point," in opposition to the plans, which will remove a strip of public parking from the nearby beach — used by many to paddleboard or kayak in the bay.RELATED:  732

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