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Scientists are proposing an ingenious but as-yet-unproven way to tackle climate change: spraying sun-dimming chemicals into the Earth's atmosphere.The research by scientists at Harvard and Yale universities, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, proposes using a technique known as stratospheric aerosol injection, which they say could cut the rate of global warming in half.The technique would involve spraying large amounts of sulfate particles into the Earth's lower stratosphere at altitudes as high as 12 miles. The scientists propose delivering the sulfates with specially designed high-altitude aircraft, balloons or large naval-style guns.Despite the technology being undeveloped and with no existing aircraft suitable for adaptation, the researchers say that "developing a new, purpose-built tanker with substantial payload capabilities would neither be technologically difficult nor prohibitively expensive."They estimate the total cost of launching a hypothetical system in 15 years' time at around .5 billion, with running costs of .25 billion a year over a 15-year period.The report does, however, acknowledge that the technique is purely hypothetical."We make no judgment about the desirability of SAI," the report states. "We simply show that a hypothetical deployment program commencing 15 years hence, while both highly uncertain and ambitious, would indeed be technically possible from an engineering perspective. It would also be remarkably inexpensive."The researchers also acknowledge potential risks: coordination between multiple countries in both hemispheres would be required, and stratospheric aerosol injection techniques could jeopardize crop yields, lead to droughts or cause extreme weather.The proposals also don't address the issue of rising greenhouse gas emissions, which are a leading cause of global warming.And despite the conviction of the report's authors, other experts were skeptical."From the point of view of climate economics, solar radiation management is still a much worse solution than greenhouse gas emissions: more costly and much more risky over the long run," said Philippe Thalmann of the école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, an expert in the economics of climate change.David Archer of the Department of Geophysical Science at the University of Chicago said, "The problem with engineering climate in this way is that it's only a temporary Band-Aid covering a problem that will persist essentially forever, actually hundreds of thousands of years for fossil fuel CO2 to finally go away naturally."It will be tempting to continue to procrastinate on cleaning up our energy system, but we'd be leaving the planet on a form of life-support. If a future generation failed to pay their climate bill they would get all of our warming all at once." 2830

SAN MARCOS, Calif. (KGTV) -- A San Marcos school is in mourning after their principal died suddenly over the weekend. According to a statement sent to 10News by the San Marcos Unified School District, Carrie Geldard, Principal of Discovery Elementary died over the weekend. The cause wasn’t immediately clear. “She served the SMUSD community in a variety of capacities over the last 22 years including teacher, assistant principal and principal. Carrie was fiercely passionate about developing the whole child, while also emphasizing literacy and ensuring that every student was successful and prepared for the future of their dreams,” the district said in part. In response to the death, the district says crisis response teams were sent to support students and staff. “We extend our deepest sympathies to Carrie’s family, the Discovery Elementary community and the San Marcos Unified School District community,” the district continued. 946

SAN YSIDRO, Calif. (KGTV) — Border officials seized more than million in unreported currency being smuggled into Mexico through San Ysidro.Officials stopped a vehicle on Dec. 9 in the southbound I-5 lane at the San Ysidro Port of Entry, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The vehicle was referred to inspection where canine officers alerted CBP officers to the driver's side quarter panel of the vehicle.Officers discovered numerous packages containing undeclared U.S. currency in the quarter panel, under the vehicle's third row of seats, and in the cargo area, CBP says."CBP officers and a canine team successfully stopped the smuggling of the currency during outbound inspections," said Anne Maricich, Acting Director of Field Operations for CBP in San Diego. "This is a demonstration of great police work and dedication to the CBP mission by our officers with the goal of stopping the illicit movement of currency through the border."The money was seized by the CBP. 995

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — The sidewalks surrounding Ahmed Al Barak's corner market in one of San Francisco's roughest neighborhoods are filled with cardboard, used syringes and homeless people who have nowhere safe to go at night.But Al Barak says it's an improvement from a year ago, before the city posted a portable toilet across the street from his business in the city's Tenderloin district.He no longer regularly sees people relieve themselves in broad daylight, and he does not see as much feces and urine on the streets. In his opinion, it's the one bright spot in a city where taxes are too high."We used to have a disaster here. I used to call the city all the time to come and clean, because they don't know where to go," he said, recalling one woman in particular who shrugged at him in a "what can you do?" gesture as she squatted to pee.San Francisco started its "Pit Stop" program in July 2014 with public toilets in the city's homeless-heavy Tenderloin, after children complained of dodging human waste on their way to school. Today, the staffed bathrooms have grown from three to 25 locations, and the program has expanded to Los Angeles. In May, the toilets in San Francisco recorded nearly 50,000 flushes, all logged by attendants.The condition of San Francisco's streets has been a source of embarrassment to city leaders, and cleaning up is not cheap. The city received nearly 27,000 requests for feces removal in the most recent fiscal year, although not all are human.Mayor London Breed last year announced the formation of a special six-person "poop patrol" team where each cleaner earns more than ,000 a year.Advocates say steam cleaning requests have dropped in areas surrounding some of the public toilets. The mayor signed a budget Thursday that includes more than million for the Pit Stop toilets this year, up from million last fiscal year. San Francisco will add seven new bathrooms in a city where a one-night count of homeless people grew 17% in the past two years.The toilets each cost an average of 0,000 a year to operate, with most of the money going to staffing and overhead.Some of the bathrooms are permanent fixtures, while others are portables with two toilets that are trucked in and out. The stops have receptacles for used syringes and dog waste. Attendants who are paid the city's minimum wage of an hour check after every use and knock on doors to make sure people are not doing drugs or other illicit activity. The bathrooms must shine or they do not open.The staffing is what makes a toilet a Pit Stop, and the work is usually done by men coming out of prison after decades behind bars.The "practitioners" stand guard at some of society's bleakest intersections of poverty, addiction and mental illness, says Lena Miller, founder of nonprofit Hunters Point Family and its spinoff, Urban Alchemy, which staffs the Pit Stops in San Francisco and Los Angeles. They prevent overdoses, break up fights and greet regulars, she says."Really what we're doing is we're creating this space where people know that they can walk into it, and it's going to smell good. It's going to look good," Miller said. "There won't be trash everywhere, and they're safe. And I think that makes all the difference in the world."Nelson Butler was a 19-year-old Los Angeles gangster when he went to prison for 30 years for killing a person. Butler was released last year from San Quentin State Prison, scared and apprehensive and in need of a job. He went to work at a Pit Stop.Technically, his job was to prevent drug use in the bathrooms and make sure homeless people didn't set up camp."The reality is I'm a security guard. I was a babysitter, I was a social worker, I was a counselor. I did a lot of things that was not necessarily in the scope of my job description, but this is my community," Butler said. "So my thought was, if I saw somebody that needed help, that's why I'm there — to help."Homelessness has surged throughout California, and cities are struggling to open more bathrooms. Officials are considering adding port-a-potties and special loos designed by the city of Portland, Oregon, and expanding hours of restrooms in government buildings.Sacramento, which is in a county where a one-night count of the homeless increased 19% in two years, tried a Pit Stop but stopped after a few months because it cost too much.Los Angeles Councilmember Mike Bonin initially thought the stops too pricey, but he now understands that having someone to watch over the bathrooms has its upsides. Los Angeles saw a 16% increase over a year in its one-night count of homeless, to 36,000."I heard from everyone, from people affiliated with law enforcement, from people who live in the neighborhood, from homeless advocates, from people who are homeless themselves, that it's important to have a staff to make sure they stay clean and free of destruction or abuse," he said.Down the street from Ahmed Al Barak's corner market is Aref Elgaali's Z Zoul, a Sudanese cafe. The public bathroom by his eatery has helped, he says, but it closes too early, and there should be many more of the toilets."Why not to have in this corner one and that corner one and the other corner one? That will solve a lot of problems for the people here in San Francisco," he said. 5298

SANTA BARBARA, Calif. (KGTV) - Mandatory evacuation orders issued for parts of Santa Barbara County due to an incoming storm were lifted Friday, county officials said. 180

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