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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Institutes of Health highlighted research Tuesday out of UC San Diego that could unlock a new way to treat COVID-19.The research reveals new insight into how the coronavirus hijacks cells, and how doctors might be able to set traps or decoys to combat the virus. The findings were published in the journal Cell last month.“It does open up another avenue for a potential treatment,” said UC San Diego distinguished professor Dr. Jeffrey Esko. “It’s not a cure. It would be something that would tamp down infection potentially.”Since January, scientists around the world have understood that SARS-Co-V2, the official name of the new coronavirus, enters cells by latching onto a specific receptor on the cell’s surface, called ACE2.The UCSD team, led by Dr. Esko and visiting scholar Dr. Thomas Clausen, discovered that this entry mechanism is actually a two-step process, and the virus must also attach to a long chain of sugars called heparan sulfate.“We’ve shown this is fundamental to the infectious mechanism, so it needs to be part of every study from now on,” said Clausen.All cells are coated with a complex layer of sugars, or carbohydrates, called glycans. Heparan sulfate is one type of glycan that is known to play a key role in the infection process in several viruses, including herpes and other coronaviruses.It’s a complicated process to picture so the researchers offer an analogy: imagine a bird, soaring over trees, hunting a worm on the forest floor. The bird is the coronavirus and the trees are the thick layer of glycans that coat the surface of the cell.To reach the worm, which in this case is the receptor ACE2, the bird must navigate its way through the trees, specifically through heparan sulfate.The UCSD found that by removing the heparan sulfate trees with an enzyme, they were able to prevent the virus from infecting cells. In laboratory testing, they also found a second technique worked to foil the virus: introducing more trees as bait.The team found that heparin, an FDA-approved drug that is similar in structure to heparan sulfate, successfully acted as decoy. Heparin is a widely used drug designed to treat blood clots. Since blood clots and strokes are common complications with COVID-19, many doctors already administer heparin to patients.The UCSD team demonstrated that the two approaches can block infection in lab-grown cells about 80 to 90 percent of the time.“Certainly in the laboratory you can demonstrate that it works, but to deploy it and use it as a therapeutic has not been demonstrated,” Esko said.The NIH noted that more studies are planned to explore whether heparin, heparan sulfate, or drugs that target heparan sulfate might yield a viable COVID-19 treatment.Dr. Esko said he’s already been in talks with companies that plan to use their study as a rationale for a clinical trial.“It is very humbling when you realize we’re working on a pandemic right now, and maybe what we’ve done can contribute to a treatment for the disease,” he said. 3038

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The first Tuesday of every August, people across the nation recognize National Night Out.The night is designed to strengthen neighborhood spirit and police-community relations and heighten crime and drug prevention awareness.Thousands of people throughout the county are expected to attend this year’s National Night Out.Check out the list below for locations: 388

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Department of Defense has awarded a San Diego biotech company up to million to help develop a next-generation drug to fight COVID-19.Sorrento Therapeutics calls the drug a “rapid countermeasure” against the disease, one that might serve as a vaccine substitute in certain populations or a critical stopgap tool if the virus mutates.“With this, we have a new platform potentially that can respond very quickly to any type of emerging threat,” said CEO Dr. Henry Ji.Sorrento is trying to become the first company to develop an approved DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody treatment. The approach is similar to the experimental monoclonal antibody treatment used on President Trump, but Sorrento’s concept is a more advanced version that offers several benefits.Sorrento’s drug is designed to be used as either a treatment in infected patients or a fast-forming layer of defense in healthy people. The company said its solution should be cheaper and easier to deploy than existing monoclonal antibodies, while offering vaccine-like protective effects that last for several months rather than just two or three weeks.Antibodies are one of the body’s key defense mechanisms. They seek out pathogens and bind to them, marking the invader for destruction like ground troops marking an enemy base for an airstrike. In some cases, antibodies can even neutralize an invader themselves by blocking its method of entry into cells.Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies designed by scientists to neutralize a pathogen. They are hand-picked, genetically modified super antibodies that are cloned in labs.However, the process of growing these super soldiers in the lab is difficult, transporting them requires a cold chain, and as a result, monoclonal antibodies are among the most expensive drugs in the world.Instead of giving people an infusion of pre-made antibodies, Sorrento’s idea is to give people a shot of DNA that instructs some of their cells to churn out perfectly pre-designed antibodies.“It's much easier to make enough DNA to treat a large number of people than it is to make enough protein to treat a large number of people. That’s just a fact about manufacturing,” said Dr. Robert Allen, Sorrento’s chief scientific officer on the project.Dr. Allen said the company is hopeful the drug will induce cells to make protective antibodies for six months or more.This DNA approach to an antibody treatment has never been approved for any disease but other companies are working on their own versions of it. Another biotech with ties to San Diego, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, became the first company to test this approach in humans in 2019 for a drug targeting the Zika virus.Sorrento’s approach is similar to the way DNA vaccines work, but it cuts out intermediary steps and jumpstarts the production of antibodies, rather than leaving the production of antibodies up to the body’s immune system. The result is that protective antibodies can start circulating in days after injection rather than weeks, the company said.“What this is capable of doing is it bypasses the need for the immune system,” said Dr. Mark Brunswick, Sorrento’s senior vice president for regulatory affairs.The drug is unlikely to replace a vaccine in most situations because vaccines can produce other defense mechanisms like T-cells that work in conjunction with antibodies. But the drug might work better than a vaccine for the elderly and others with weakened immune systems who are unable to produce a robust number of antibodies on their own, Brunswick said.Still, the company still has a lot of pre-clinical work and testing to go. Sorrento is hoping to have the drug ready for human trials in four to six months.By then, vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna will likely be widely available, but Dr. Ji said the world needs to prepare for the possibility this virus will mutate.“When you vaccinate hundreds of millions, potentially billions of people, the virus is under tremendous evolution pressure,” he said. “It will escape. It’s guaranteed that the virus is going to mutate and escape all of the vaccines we’re trying to create.”If it does, he said Sorrento will be ready to rapidly deploy its DNA-based countermeasure. 4223

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The finale of "Game of Thrones" is certain to send fans in a frenzy, regardless of who takes the Iron Throne by the end of the series Sunday.Who will take the Iron Throne? Daenerys? Cersei? Jon Snow? Jon Snow's direwolf, Ghost? (Maybe not that last one...)San Diegans looking to take part in watch parties or events leading up to the television event are in luck. From watch parties to trivia nights to a "Game of Thrones"-inspired beer festival, there are plenty of chances to show some fandom.For those not planning to stay home Sunday night as "Game of Thrones" ends its eight season run, here's a look at some GOT events around town to jump into:EventsGame of Thrones inspired beer festivalWhen: May 18; Where: The Irenic; Cost: Celebrate the end of "Game of Thrones" at a GOT-inspired beer festival featuring more than 20 medieval craft beers, live music from the Targaryen Sisters and Westeros Party Band, and plenty of photo opps with a custom Iron Throne and a live direwolf.Game of Thrones triviaWhen: May 19; Where: Charlie & EchoPut your GOT knowledge to the test with Game of Thrones-inspired trivia, delicious wine, and some excellent prizes for the winners.GOT-themed yogaWhen: May 19; Where: CorePower Yoga (Pacific Beach)Get your vinyasa on with a morning flow of Game of Thrones-themed hot power yoga at CorePower.Game of Thrones trivia nightWhen: May 22 & May 30; Where: Miss B's Coconut Club; Cost: Gather your friends and test out you Game of Thrones knowledge at Miss B's Coconut Club. One ticket is needed per team, with a maximum of five team members.Watch parties on May 19102 HubCost: Free - Watch the final episode while enjoying the "For the Throne" fermented golden ale fermented from Brewery Ommegang.Hard Rock HotelCost: FreeEnjoy the last GOT episode with inspired cocktails and the episode on a massive flat screen TV at the 207 Bar & Lounge.Mavericks Beach ClubCost: FreeGet to Marvericks early to grab a spot to watch the final episode of Game of Thrones.619 Spirits North ParkCost: FreeEnjoy the final episode of GOT at 619 Spirits in North Park, with complimentary popcorn and drink specials on hand to celebrate. 2197

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – The American Red Cross of San Diego/Imperial Counties opened a shelter Thursday night for residents displaced by flooding from heavy rainstorms.The shelter opened around 9:30 p.m. at the Paradise Valley Seventh-day Adventist Church on East 8th Street in National City.Services include a safe and clean place to stay, food, hydration, comfort kits with personal hygiene items, emotional support and health services, according to the Red Cross. The shelter will stay open as long as there is a need.In response to the flooding caused by today’s rainstorms, #RedCross disaster workers are working to open a shelter this evening at the Paradise Valley Seventh Day Adventist Church (2701 East 8th Street, National City, CA 91950). The shelter is anticipated to be open by 9:30 p.m.— SDIC Red Cross (@SDICRedCross) December 7, 2018 852

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