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Beijing has fined more than 50 people for spitting in the past week's holiday, a report said on Monday, as Beijing steps up a campaign to "civilize" the city before the 2008 Olympics. Officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists to try to keep them from littering as inspection teams fanned out across the city's tourist sites during the week-long Labor Day holiday, when hundreds of millions take to the roads. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Xinhua news agency quoted travel guide Huang Xiaohui as saying. Guides had been instructed to remind tourists not to spit, litter or jump queues, and lead an "etiquette discussion" at the end of the tour, the report said, citing a circular issued by the China National Tourism Administration. China also has an official etiquette watchdog, the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, which aims to curb uncivilized behavior. Chinese officials have expressed concern about rudeness and public spitting habits and launched campaigns to cultivate courtesy and civility, keen to ensure nothing mars Beijing's image during the Olympic Games. Among the initiatives, the 11th day of every month is now "voluntarily wait in line" day, designed to stamp out pushing and shoving in favor of orderly queues.

China Foreign Affairs University (CFAU), the cradle of diplomats, set up a new school on Friday - the College of Diplomacy and International Relations - with former foreign minister Li Zhaoxing as the dean. Meeting students at a ceremony marking his appointment, Li highlighted the key criteria for a diplomat.Li Zhaoxing (Right), former foreign minister, receives a certificate naming him the dean of the College of Diplomacy and International Relations at China Foreign Affairs University on Friday from Wu Jianmin, university president. [Xinhua] "The most important is love for your country. This is my deepest feeling during my career at the foreign ministry," said Li."I hope graduates from this college can better serve our country, our people and contribute to peace and development around the world," he added.Li, a diplomat for nearly 40 years, retired this spring. He was appointed foreign minister in 2003, and was Chinese ambassador to the United States from 1998 to 2001.Some students said they like Li's animated style and are excited to have him as the dean."He is very friendly," said Wang Lei, a third-year student majoring in diplomacy.CFAU President Wu Jianmin said the establishment of the school reflects "a golden era" for China's diplomacy."China's diplomacy has entered a golden era, and it is in this context that the college has been set up," said Wu, who was formerly ambassador to France."Never have we seen such a big stage for us, never have people expected so much of us, and never has the world looked at China with such a high hope," he added.CFAU, established in 1955, is affiliated to the Foreign Ministry, and specializes in training international affairs experts and diplomats.

Yichang - Construction of a tunnel under the Yangtze River that will form part of a gas pipeline project running from Sichuan Province to Shanghai was completed Monday.The 1.4-km, 3.08-m diameter tunnel sits 20 m beneath the riverbed and connects two wells on either side of the river in Yichang city, Hubei Province, Liu Juzheng, head of the Hubei section of the pipeline, said.With a total length of 2,203 km, the pipeline will serve as an "energy artery" as part of the West-East gas project, Liu said.The pipeline is expected to channel 12.1 billion cu m of natural gas a year from the Puguang field in Sichuan to central and eastern regions of the country, including Chongqing Municipality, the provinces of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Shanghai Municipality.The tunnel, which took 325 days to complete, is the first of five to be built under the Yangtze.Industry experts say the new pipeline, which will cost 62.7 billion yuan (.4 billion) to build, will provide an opportunity to develop western regions based on their rich natural resources.Chen Deming, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said the pipeline will be completed in late 2010 and the gas it transports will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by tens of millions of tons a year.Figures from the China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) put Puguang's proven reserves at 356.1 billion cu m. The country has total proven natural gas reserves of about 2.66 trillion cu m.The government has been promoting the use of natural gas to improve energy efficiency and reduce air pollution.Under an NDRC proposal on natural gas development, the government plans to increase the natural gas pipeline network to 44,000 km by 2010 to meet demand.Although China's natural gas output will reach 94 billion cu m in 2010, up from 58.6 billion in 2006, an additional 16 billion cu m a year will still have to be imported to meet demand, Sinopec said.In Shanghai, demand for natural gas soared from 4 million cu m in 2003 to 1.9 billion in 2005.In 2004, China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) opened its West-East gas pipeline, which runs more than 4,000 km and channels 1.2 billion cu m of gas a year to Shanghai from the Tarim Basin in the country's westernmost region of Xinjiang.CNPC is to build a second West-East pipeline to carry gas imported from central Asia to the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas. Construction will begin next year with the line, which is designed to carry 30 billion cu m a year, becoming operational in 2010.

SHANGHAI: In a fresh sign of China¡¯s financial strength, a leap in the shares of Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Monday made it the world¡¯s biggest bank by market capitalisation, overtaking US giant Citigroup. ICBC¡¯s Shanghai-listed A shares surged 2.68% to 5.75 yuan, giving it a market capitalisation of 4bn, according to Reuters calculations. That exceeded the 1bn capitalisation of Citigroup, previously the world¡¯s biggest bank, when its shares closed at .73 in New York on Friday. HSBC Holdings was in third place with 5bn. Shares in ICBC, which listed in Shanghai and Hong Kong last October, have gained 15% this month on the back of a rally in China¡¯s booming stock market as well as strong growth in the bank¡¯s own earnings. Weakness in Citigroup¡¯s share price, and appreciation of the yuan against the dollar have also shifted market values in favour of ICBC. But some analysts believe ICBC¡¯s ballooning capitalisation may also be a sign of a dangerously overheated Shanghai stock market as speculating Chinese investors pour money into shares. ICBC, a state-controlled behemoth which is trying to modernise a creaky branch network operating almost entirely inside China, reported income of bn last year. Citigroup, one of the world¡¯s most sophisticated financial institutions with operations around the globe, reported income almost four times as large, at bn. ICBC¡¯s share price yesterday valued it at 28 times analysts¡¯ forecasts for its earnings per share in 2007, far above 11 times for Citigroup and an average of 16 times for major global banks, according to Reuters Estimates. ¨C Reuters

China's production of natural gas rose 23.1 percent last year, faster than in 2006, to 69.31 billion cubic meters as the country used more "clean" energy, an industry association said.In 2006, output jumped 19.2 percent to 58.55 billion cubic meters, the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association (CPCIA) said. It also said that output would likely hit 76 billion cubic meters this year. China used 55.6 billion cubic meters of gas in 2006, an increase of 21.6 percent from a year earlier, according to statistics from BP.China has set a target of raising the proportion of natural gas in its total energy consumption to 5.3 percent in 2010 from 2.8 percent in 2005, amid efforts to curb pollution. Coal now accounts for about 70 percent of total energy consumption.The expansion of the natural gas infrastructure, including pipelines, reflected the rapid increases in output and consumption, the CPCIA said.China plans to start building a second east-west gas pipeline this year. The first such pipeline went into commercial operation in 2004.The new pipeline is scheduled to become operational in 2010 and will have a designed annual transport capacity of 30 billion cubic meters. It will mainly move natural gas from Central Asia to the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, the country's two most developed regions.Construction on another pipeline, which will link the Puguang Gas Field in the southwestern province of Sichuan, one of the country's largest, with the Yangtze River Delta, started last August.