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BEIJING, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- China issued rules for pilot programs of RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (RQFII) on Friday, formally giving a green light to investment of overseas RMB funds in mainland securities markets.The move is expected to widen the investment channel of overseas RMB funds and add new momentum to the country's bid to make the RMB an international currency.Hong Kong subsidiaries of fund management companies and securities firms can use RMB funds raised in Hong Kong to invest in mainland securities within a permitted quota, according to the rules jointly released by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), the People's Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.The total investment quota of RQFII pilot programs is set at around 20 billion yuan (3.15 billion U.S. dollars), according to the rules.To control risks, qualified investors should invest no less than 80 percent of the RMB funds they raised in fixed-income securities, while investment in stocks and equity funds should account for no more than 20 percent.The CSRC will join other related departments to study the possibility of further expanding the trial program after its launch, said a CSRC official who declined to be identified.The launch of the RQFII will open another significant channel for overseas RMB funds to flow back into the country, said the CSRC official.It will also help diversify investment products for overseas RMB funds and facilitate off-shore RMB business, the official said.The RMB is not fully convertible under the capital account but China has stepped up efforts to make the currency more international over the past few years.The government has encouraged the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment settlement and approved foreign direct investment in overseas RMB funds obtained overseas.It also allowed Hong Kong to establish an offshore yuan market and has expanded trade settlement agreements and currency swaps to create more channels for the yuan to circulate outside the mainland.

BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Friday approved Erwinaze to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who have developed an allergy to E. coli derived asparaginase and pegapargase chemotherapy drugs used to treat ALL.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. White blood cells help the body fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow.Erwinaze is injected directly into the muscle three times a week and works by breaking down one of the body's protein building blocks (the amino acid, asparagine) that is present in the blood, and is necessary for the growth of all cells. Leukemia cells cannot produce this protein building block. When a patient is treated with Erwinaze the leukemia cells die. Normal human cells are able to make enough asparagine for their own needs through biosynthesis and will not be affected by treatment with Erwinaze."The approval of Erwinaze underscores the FDA's commitment to the approval of drugs for conditions with limited patient populations with unmet medical needs using novel trial endpoints," said Richard Pazdur, director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Side effects associated with Erwinaze treatment include serious allergic reactions, inflammation of the pancreas, high blood levels of liver enzymes, blood clotting, bleeding, nausea, vomiting and high blood sugar.

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- A locomotive producer in central China's Hunan province on Friday rolled out a low-cost magnetically levitated (maglev) train that is more environmental-friendly than conventional ones.The three-carriage train is designed to run at a maximum speed of 100 km per hour and carry 600 passengers, said Xu Zongxiang, general manager of Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co. Ltd. of China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corporation (CSR). Xu said the new train was much quieter than conventional ones. While a conventional train moves forward by using friction between its wheels and the railway tracks, the maglev train replaces wheels by electromagnets and levitates on the guideway. According to Xu, his company's has minimized the risk of the new maglev train derailing or overturning. "It's ideal for mass transportation, as it is quiet and environmental-friendly. Its manufacturing cost is about 75 percent of a conventional light-rail train," said Xu. The maglev train has a minimum turning radius of 50 meters and can easily run in residential communities or on hilly slopes. "It's an ideal public transport option for Chinese cities and major tourist destinations," said Xu. Railway transport specialist Liu Youmei, also an academician with Chinese Academy of Engineering, said the new train is green, economical and safe. "It can be used for public transport in populous areas and at scenic spots with fragile environments." Liu said China is one of a few countries that have applied maglev technology. Beijing is building a maglev route, the Daitai line (S1), which starts at its IT center in Haidian district, passes through Shijingshan district, and ends in Mentougou district on its western outskirts. The line will be operational next year.The eastern metropolitan of Shanghai runs the world's first commercial maglev system on a 30-km stretch between the downtown business district and Pudong airport. The German-made maglev went into operation on Dec. 31, 2002.

BEIJING, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday issued a white paper on the development of space industry since 2006 and the major tasks for the next five years.The white paper titled "China's Space Activities in 2011" was the third white paper on the country's space activities issued by the State Council Information Office, following the one in 2000 and another in 2006.The Chinese government has made the space industry an important part of the nation's overall development strategy and adhered to exploration and utilization of outer space for peaceful purposes, the white paper said.Over the past few years, China has ranked among the world's leading countries in certain major areas of space technology, it said, adding that in the next five years, there will be new opportunities to the country's space industry.At the same time, China will work together with the international community to maintain a peaceful and clean outer space and endeavor to promote world peace and development, the document said.FUTURE MISSIONSMajor tasks listed in the white paper for the next five years include space transportation system, Earth satellites, human spaceflights and deep-space exploration.The country will launch the Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 spaceships and achieve unmanned or manned rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit Tiangong-1 vehicle, the paper said.China also plans to launch space laboratories, manned spaceship and space freighters, and will start a research on the preliminary plan for a human landing on the moon, the document said.As an important part of deep-space exploration, the country's lunar probe projects follow the idea of "three steps" -- orbiting, landing and returning.In next five years, the country plans to launch orbiters for lunar soft landing, roving and surveying to implement the second stage of lunar exploration, then it will start the third-stage project of sampling the moon's surface matters and get those samples back to Earth, the white paper said.In addition, China will build a space infrastructure frame composed of Earth observation satellites, communications and broadcasting satellites, plus navigation and positioning satellites.MAJOR PROGRESSAccording to the white paper, breakthroughs have been made in major space projects, including human spaceflight and lunar exploration, since 2006.From Sept. 25 to 28, 2008, China successfully launched the Shenzhou-7 manned spaceship and became the third country in the world to master the key technology of astronaut space extravehicular activity.In November 2011, China accomplished the first unmanned space rendezvous and docking test between the Tiangong-1 space lab module and Shenzhou-8 spaceship.In addition, the country's lunar probe projects have achieved milestone breakthroughs over the past five years. China successfully launched two lunar probes, the Chang'e-1 on Oct. 24, 2007, and Chang'e-2 on Oct. 1, 2010.The first probe retrieved a great deal of scientific data and a complete map of the moon while the second created a full higher-resolution map of the moon and a high-definition image of Sinus Iridium.

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