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RIO DE JANEIRO, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Rio de Janeiro has the highest level of air pollution in Brazil, and is more polluted than many other world metropolis like New York, London and Paris, a World Health Organization (WHO) study said Monday.According to the study, which was carried out in 91 countries and regions, the air in Rio's metropolitan area contains 64 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter, over three times the upper limit set by the WHO, which is 20 micrograms per cubic meter.Despite being larger, having a bigger population and more vehicles, Sao Paulo's metropolitan area has less air pollution, with 38 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.According to the WHO, "the largest contributors to urban outdoor air pollution include motor transport, small-scale manufacturers and other industries, burning of biomass and coal for cooking and heating, as well as coal-fired power plants." The organization said that residential wood and coal burning for heating also help increase air pollution, especially in rural areas in the cold months.The WHO expressed concern over air pollution levels in several cities, as some two million people worldwide die annually from conditions resulting from air pollution."Air pollution is a major environmental health issue, and it is vital that we increase efforts to reduce the health burden it creates," said Dr. Maria Neira, WHO's director for Public Health and Environment.According to the study, Ahwaz, Iran, has the most polluted air in the world, with 372 micrograms of fine particulate matter per cubic meter.

UNITED NATIONS, June 9 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday called for governments, organizations and individuals to take active actions, enhance solidarity and establish joint prevention and treatment mechanism to deal with AIDS.Yin Li, vice Health minister of China made the remarks as he addressed the United Nations High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS held here."As a responsible developing country, the Chinese government has actively fulfilled its commitments in achieving universal access to AIDS prevention and treatment, eliminating social discrimination, and ensuring rights to prevention, treatment and care of people living with HIV/AIDS and their families," he said.Thanks to the efforts over the years, the spread of AIDS epidemic in China has slowed down, the morality rate considerably decreased and life quality of people with HIV/AIDS has significantly improved, Yin added.In order to achieve the goal of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths defined by the joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), China called for all countries, organizations and persons to be mobilized, further enhance solidarity and clearly define responsibilities and establish a joint prevention and treatment mechanism.Yin said that in the face of the common challenge of HIV/AIDS, the developed and developing countries must assume shared responsibilities."The developed countries should further provide developing countries with generous, unconditional financial and technical support. The developing countries should give the same priority to AIDS control as economic development, explore the models of prevention and treatment consistent with their national conditions, " he said.In addition, the private sector and relevant organizations should assume more responsibilities. On one hand, efforts should be made to mobilize more resources in better implementing prevention, treatment and care measures; on the other hand, multinational drug manufactures should reduce drugs and testing equipment prices through technology transfer, contract manufacturing and reduction of monopoly profits in order to provide universal access to treatment services, according to Yin.Yin stressed that the Chinese government would strengthen its working mechanism, enhance coordination across sectors and participation by the entire society, continue to actively participate in global fight against AIDS, assume its responsibilities and obligations so as to make contribution to achieving the goal of global AIDS control.

MOSCOW, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- Russian federal space agency -- Roscosmos -- has announced that it would launch four more spacecraft in the forthcoming four months, including two Soyus manned spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS).In accordance with the work schedule of Roscosmos, two cargo spaceships -- of the "Progress" type -- will be launched on Oct.30, 2011 and on Jan.26, 2012, while the two manned spacecraft will be blast off on Nov.12 and Dec.20.Roscosmos said on Tuesday it had been conducting consultations with NASA over updated plans of the upcoming expeditions to the ISS.According to Roscosmos, the new launch schedule has been drafted on the basis of an investigation into an abortive launch of a cargo spaceship on Aug. 24, when the Progress M-12M cargo spaceship failed to reach the orbit due to a rocket malfunction. Russia announced on the same day to delay its future launches of manned spaceship to ISS.After the retirement of the U.S. space shuttle fleet, Russia's Soyuz spacecraft has become the only way for astronauts to reach the ISS until at least the middle of this decade.

LOS ANGELES, July 28 (Xinhua) -- Mainly due to rampant obesity, Americans' life expectancy is one-and-a-half-year shorter than that of Western Europeans on the average, according to a new study published on Thursday.But 40 years ago, Americans could expect to live slightly longer than Europeans, said the study jointly conducted by researchers from University of Southern California (USC), the Harvard School of Public Health and the RAND Corp., a non-profit think tank.In addition to Western Europeans, Americans also die younger than the residents of most other developed nations, according to the study appearing in the July issue of Social Science & Medicine.The life-expectancy disparity, which begins around the age of 50, stems from higher levels of middle-age obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, said the study.In the first half of the last century, average life expectancy increased by saving more babies, said author Dana Goldman, director of the Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics at the USC."But now it is reduction in mortality among the elderly, rather than the young, that propels increases in life expectancy," he said. "The question is whether 'being American' is an independent mortality risk factor."If 50-year-old U.S. adults could be as healthy as Europeans, it could save Medicare and Medicaid 632 billion dollars by 2050, the study said.Though the transition to better health initially raises expenditures, the researchers estimate that by 2050 healthcare savings from health improvements among the middle age could total more than 1.1 trillion dollars."The international life expectancy gap appears much easier to explain than gaps within countries: there is no American-specific effect on longevity beyond differences in disease at age 50," said Darius Lakdawalla, an associate professor in the USC School of Policy, Planning and Development.

GENEVA, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) started an emergency vaccination campaign in all accessible areas of South and Central Somalia, WTO spokesperson Tarek Jasarevic said here on Friday.In July 2011 alone, 1,019 suspected measles cases and 31 related deaths were reported in South and Central Somalia, representing 20 percent of all reported cases for this year.The major factors for a measles outbreak in Somalia are low coverage, malnutrition, population movements, and overcrowed internally displaced (IDP) camps."WHO fears that the measles outbreak could affect a high number of people, especially among the vulnerable IDPs whose overall health is already fragile," Jasarevic said.About 2.5 million children aged between 6 and 15 in 10 regions of South and Central Somalia, including children in Mogadishu, will be targeted during this campaign.