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NANJING, July 3 (Xinhua) -- The population of China, the world's most populous country, is projected to reach 1.39 billion by the end of 2015, with those age 60 or over topping 200 million people, said Li Bin, head of the country's top population policy agency.Li, director of the National Population and Family Planning Commission, released these estimates Saturday during a speech at the annual conference of the China Population Association in Nanjing, capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province.The urban population is projected to be over 700 million over the next five years, for the first time exceeding the rural population, according to Li.She said the increase in the next five years would be based upon the nation's population momentum, which, according to her, would begin to decline after 2015.Population momentum is the tendency of a highly fertile population that has been rapidly increasing in size to continue to do so for decades after the onset of even a substantial decline in fertility.Chinese government statistics show China's population stood at 1.32 billion at the end of 2008, which was about 2.5 times the number in 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.To put a hold on the fast growth, the Chinese government adopted a one-child policy in the late 1970s. The policy had helped China's total population increase less than 40 percent between 1978 and 2008, whereas it nearly doubled between 1949 and 1978.However, during the next five years the development of China's population is expected to go through major transitional changes, Li said.China's first boom in its aging population is expected in the next five years, with roughly an average of eight million people turning 60 each year, 3.2 million more than occurred between 2006 and 2010, she said.In the coming five years, the ratio of the population aged 15 to 59 would peak and then slowly fall, whereas the population dependency ratio, a measure of the proportion of the population too young or too old to work, would rise for the first time after over 40 years of decreasing.In general, China would still retain the advantage of a plentiful labor supply and a relatively low population dependency ratio, she said.

BEIJING, June 10 (Xinhua) -- China hopes the United States will take an objective, rational and just view towards China's national defense policy and the development of its armed forces, said Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang here on Thursday.Qin's comment came in response to a question on China's attitude towards a U.S. military officer's remarks on China's military development.The Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen said in a speech to the Asia Society's annual dinner that he was now "genuinely concerned" about "the gap as wide as what seems to be forming between China's stated intent and its military programs."Responding to the remarks, Qin urged the U.S. side to do more to build military relations with China, rather than harming them, so to ensure regional peace, stability and security.Qin said the sole purpose of China's defense policy is self-defense and its military is being developed in a peaceful way.China's development will not pose a threat to any country and anyone, he stressed, adding "We will not threaten and invade others."China opposes hegemonism, he said. China is still a developing country, and even if it becomes a developed country in the future, it will still stick to the road of peaceful development and will not seek hegemony."It is the solemn commitment made by the Chinese government to the outside world," he said.

BEIJING,Aug 17(Xinhuanet) -- China reduced its holdings of U.S. Treasury debt for a second straight month in June while the holdings of Japan and Britain rose.China's holdings fell by billion to 3.7 billion, a decline of 2.7 percent, the Treasury Department said Monday in a monthly report on debt holdings.Total foreign holdings of Treasury securities rose .6 billion to a total of trillion, an increase of 1.2 percent.The debt figures are being closely watched at a time when the US government is running up record annual deficits. A drop in foreign demand would lead to higher interest rates in the United States. The yield on Treasuries rises when fewer people invest in them.It would start with the US government paying more interest on its .3 trillion national debt and then ripple through the economy. Consumer loans such as home mortgages and auto loans track the yields on Treasurys, so they could rise, too.So far, interest rates in the United States have remained extremely low. A weak economy has depressed borrowing by the private sector and the Federal Reserve has kept a key interest rate at a record low level of zero to 0.25 percent in an effort to spur stronger growth.US interest rates have also been kept low by the European debt crisis in the spring. That triggered more investment in US Treasurys, which are considered the safest investment in the world because the US government has never defaulted on its obligations.China is the largest foreign holder of Treasury securities. The billion decline in China's holdings in June followed a .5 billion drop in May. China's holdings had hit a high for this year of 0.2 billion in April.There are concerns that China could influence US interest rates by rapidly selling off its holdings of US debt. That could lead others to dump their holdings and result in a spike in interest rates.But analysts say China is more likely to sell a little bit at a time."While it would hurt the United States if China started selling off our securities, it would hurt China just as badly because it would drive down the value of their holdings," said David Wyss, chief economist at Standard & Poor's in New York.Wyss predicted that China will slow its acquisition of new US government debt while diversifying its holdings. Wyss said that process has already begun, noting China's recent acquisition of energy and other natural resource holdings in Latin America and Africa.Japan, the second largest foreign owner of Treasury bonds, increased its holdings in June to 3.6 billion. That's an increase of .9 billion or 2.5 percent. Britain's holdings rose 3.5 percent to 2.2 billion.Japan had for years been the No 1 holder of Treasury securities, but was overtaken by China in September 2008.New government data showed that Japan lost its place as the world's second largest economy in the second quarter of this year. China moved up from No 3 to the No 2 spot, behind the United States.While the data on total economic output was for the second quarter, analysts believe China is on track to surpass Japan for the entire year and become the world's second largest economy.The US Treasury report said that net purchases of long-term securities, a category that covers not only US government debt but also debt of US companies, increased by .4 billion in June after rising .3 billion in May.

BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao Friday urged greater efforts to reform the nation's cultural system to boost China's "soft power."Hu, also General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), made the remarks at a meeting of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.Hu listed the key tasks to reform China's cultural system now and in the near future:-- The acceleration of the reform on the cultural system and encouragement for cultural innovation;-- The acceleration of the building of a public network providing cultural services;-- The acceleration of the development of the cultural industry through the fostering of new cultural industry forms;-- The enhancement of the guidance of production of cultural products so as to meet the needs of the public.Hu said cultural reforms must take development as their theme.He asked CPC committees and governments at all levels to put cultural reform high on their agendas.

BEIJING, June 18 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank said Friday more flexibility would be allowed to guide money policies based upon changing circumstances if inflationary pressures increase during the economic recovery along with rising market confidence.The risk of higher prices may grow stronger given that liquidity remains loose throughout the world and China has experienced much faster credit growth earlier, according to the Annual Report 2009 issued Friday by the central bank, the People's Bank of China (PBOC).China's financial institutions lent a record 9.6 trillion yuan (1.4 trillion U.S. dollars) in new yuan-denominated loans last year, almost double that of the previous year, to spur the economy during the ongoing global downturn, but it was accompanied by soaring property prices and rising expectations of possible inflation.China has targeted a total of 7.5 trillion yuan in new loans for 2010.But prices were still very likely to remain stable as China's grain harvest has been substantial for a number of years, and manufacturers of consumer goods have been seeing rising productivity, which ensured supply, the central bank said.China's Consumer Price Index, a main gauge of inflation, rose 3.1 percent in May, exceeding the government target to keep the nation's inflation rate under 3 percent for 2010.National Bureau of Statistics spokesman Sheng Laiyun earlier said the higher inflation in May was due to a low comparison basis from the same period last year, and inflationary pressure was easing given that China had the basics for keeping prices under control.However, the nation needed to safeguard the supply of sufficient agricultural products and curb soaring housing prices in some cities to manage inflationary expectations, according to the report.Relatively relaxed monetary policy to remainThe central bank report said China would maintain its moderately relaxed monetary policy in 2010, projecting for this year a 17 percent increase in broad money supply (M2), which covers cash in circulation and all deposits.Central bank vice governor Su Ning earlier said a 17 percent year on year increase in China's broad money supply, and a targeted 7.5 trillion yuan in new loans for this year, indicated a relatively relaxed monetary policy.Additionally, China's M2 had increased 21 percent year on year to 66.34 trillion yuan by the end of May, according to PBOC data.The central bank said in the report it would work to control the pace of credit growth, maintain the balance of credit, and avoid apparent fluctuations.The central bank also said a differentiated credit policy should be carried out to optimize the nation's credit structure.Specifically, more credit support should be made available for agriculture and small and medium-sized companies, which traditionally face difficulties in obtaining financing.Favorable credit policies should also be implemented to support underdeveloped sectors, employment, strategically important industries such as new energies, new materials, and energy savings, while strict credit controls should be imposed upon energy-consuming and pollutingindustries and those with overcapacities, according to the report.Steady Progress of RMB Exchange Rate ReformThe PBOC said China was to steadily continue market reforms of exchange rates and improve the RMB (Chinese currency) exchange rate formation mechanism.Further, principles of independent decision-making, controllability and graduality should be enacted in improving the mechanism, according to the report.The central bank would also work to make trade and investment moreconvenient by promoting the yuan settlement in cross-border trade.China previously signed a number of bilateral currency swap agreements with countries such as the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Belarus, and Indonesia.