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WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft have provided scientists evidence of what appears to be a body of liquid water, equal in volume to the North American Great Lakes, beneath the icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, the U.S. space agency announced Wednesday.The data suggest there is significant exchange between Europa's icy shell and the ocean beneath. This information could bolster arguments that Europa's global subsurface ocean represents a potential habitat for life elsewhere in our solar system. The findings will be published Thursday in the scientific journal Nature.Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon, is believed to have a large ocean of salty water deep beneath its frozen crust. Galileo spacecraft, launched by the space shuttle Atlantis in 1989, studied Jupiter, which is the most massive planet in the solar system, and some of its many moons.Pictures of it sent back by Galileo point to a tortured surface of cracks and jumbled ice. Seeking to understand how such weird topography evolved in a place with such dim sunlight, scientists believe that the answer lies in similar processes on Earth.Their model suggests that Europa's ice shell is about 10 kilometers thick and within it are giant pockets of water, lying at depths as shallow as three kilometers. Warm water from these sub-surface lakes wells up in plumes, causing the ice to become brittle, crack and then collapse. The ice turnover would be a plus for the prospects for life, as it would transfer energy and nutrients between the sub-glacial lake and the surface."One opinion in the scientific community has been if the ice shell is thick, that's bad for biology. That might mean the surface isn't communicating with the underlying ocean," said Britney Schmidt, lead author of the paper and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin. " Now, we see evidence that it's a thick ice shell that can mix vigorously and new evidence for giant shallow lakes. That could make Europa and its ocean more habitable.""The data opens up some compelling possibilities," said Mary Voytek, director of NASA's Astrobiology Program. "However, scientists worldwide will want to take a close look at this analysis and review the data before we can fully appreciate the implication of these results."

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- The African Union (AU) Commission Chairperson Jean Ping on Tuesday met and held talks with a high level Chinese delegation led by Jiang Yaoping, Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce.The discussion between the two sides was mainly focused on the cooperation between China and Africa in different sectors.Ping said AU is ready to do all possible to further strengthen its ties with China.The Chairperson said China has been working in cooperation with AU member states on various areas, including trade, investment, and diplomatic exchanges."We are happy to meet the delegation; a delegation not only as an important partner but as a friend of Africa, a friend with which we are strengthening cooperation constantly," said the Chairperson.He also reiterated that Africa is benefited from the relations with China.He said Africa has established an important relations with China within the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC), and the two sides are now engaged in strategic dialogue on very crucial areas.Jiang said that AU has been committed to economic integration in Africa that enable member states improve the livelihoods of Africans.He also said that AU has played a constructive role in meeting global issues like the climate change.The Vice Minister stated that China has become one of the most trading partner of Africa, and the trade volume between China and Africa is increasing from time to time.Leading the delegation, Jiang has also visited the African Union Conference Center (AUCC) Project which is almost completed and is expected to be the avenue of the coming AU Summit for the first time at its own headquarter.

TAIPEI, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- A televised debate among three candidates for the upcoming election of Taiwan leader was held Saturday in Taipei, with cross-Strait issues highlighted in the first face-to-face debate before the Jan. 14 election.The candidates - Ma Ying-jeou, chairman of Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, Tsai Ing-wen who represents the island's major opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and People First Party (PFP) chairman James Soong - stated their political views respectively and debated with each other.Both Ma and Soong stressed the adherence to the 1992 Consensus in order to maintain peaceful development of cross-Strait relations.In November 1992, the mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits and Taiwan's Straits Exchange Foundation reached the consensus that each of the two organizations verbally acknowledges that "both sides of the Taiwan Straits adhere to the one-China principle."Ma said the 1992 Consensus was "the best way" for the two sides to settle disputes and achieve win-win situation."If the 1992 Consensus was not adhered to, cross-Strait relations will be thrown to an uncertain state, or even regress," Ma said.While acknowledging achievement of cross-Strait relations since 2005 such as the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) across the Strait, Soong called for seeking "common benefits for all" with cross-Strait peaceful development as the precondition.However, Tsai continued to deny the 1992 Consensus and said that a "Taiwan consensus" should be made before negotiating with the Chinese mainland.The three candidates also expressed own views on judicial reform, finance and issues concerning people's livelihood.The televised debate was held by the Taiwan Public Television Service and other local media.Two more debates will be held on Dec. 10 and Dec. 17.

VIENTIANE, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Laos and China pledged on Monday to deepen military exchanges and cooperation, strengthen unity and friendship between the two countries'militaries and work together to maintain regional peace and stability.The vows came out of the meeting between the Lao Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defense Douangchay Phichith, Lao Deputy Minister of National Defense Sanyahak Phomvihane and the visiting Deputy Chief of General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Cai Yingting.Douangchay said the Lao side appreciates the Chinese side's long-term support and help which have contributed to the Lao social economic development and national defense building. The Lao Party, government and military attach great importance to developing relations with China, and are willing to make joint efforts with the Chinese side to further promote the two states and militaries' ties to a new level.Sanyahak said that no matter how changes in the international and regional situation, the solid traditional friendship between the two countries' people and militaries won't change. Laos is willing to cooperate with China closely, deepen communication and cooperation between the two militaries, and constantly strengthen unity and friendship of the two sides.Cai said that China and Laos are friendly neighbors, the peoples of the two countries have forged a profound friendship since ancient times. In recent years, the bilateral ties continue to see a healthier and stabler development, especially after the two countries have established a comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership.The Chinese side will continue to maintain close high-level contacts with Laos, enhance substantial cooperation, and strengthen friendly coordination, in order to contribute to the bilateral ties, and regional peace, stability and prosperity, Cai added.The Cai-led Chinese PLA delegation arrived in Lao's capital of Vientiane on Monday at the invitation of the Lao Ministry of National Defense, kicking off their friendly visit to Laos.

BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- A draft regulation on school bus safety management was made public Sunday by the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council, with the public invited to submit comments on it.The draft stipulates that local governments above the county level should take "overall responsibility" in school bus safety, and authorities of education, public security, transportation and product quality supervision should also properly perform their respective duties.The government will establish and improve a system of mandatory technical standards for the quality of vehicles used as school buses, the draft stated. Primary school students queue up to get on the school bus to go home after school in Deqing County, east China's Zhejiang Province, Nov. 21, 2011. Local government of Deqing County has invested 20 million yuan (3.14 million U.S. dollars) to order 79 school buses, which are specially designed for children with smaller seats and seat belts as well as bright yellow color to have better warning function. Among the 79 buses, 14 ones have truck-style front ends, and this appearance like a long nose can effectively reduce the impact force and better protect children's safety. Drivers of such kind of school buses are required not to exceed 60 kilometers per hour. Nearly 6,000 children from 25 primary schools have benefited from the operation of this kind of school bus in Deqing County.China issued a set of technical standards for school buses for primary school students last year, and the drafting of another standard for buses for the kindergartners is also underway.According to the draft, the government will adopt a license system for school bus operation.Vehicles that are up to school bus standards and with a unified appearance will be first in line to obtain approval from education authorities, and the draft also requires buses to register at the traffic administrative agencies before they can be used as school buses.Instead of compulsory annual safety checks, the draft would require school bus owners to renew their safety qualifications every six months.Drivers should also check the safety condition of the buses before each commute, the draft said.The draft asks schools and the school bus service providers to intensify safety management and maintenance and assign special staff on buses to look after students on board.

来源：资阳报