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BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- A draft regulation on school bus safety management was made public Sunday by the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council, with the public invited to submit comments on it.The draft stipulates that local governments above the county level should take "overall responsibility" in school bus safety, and authorities of education, public security, transportation and product quality supervision should also properly perform their respective duties.The government will establish and improve a system of mandatory technical standards for the quality of vehicles used as school buses, the draft stated. Primary school students queue up to get on the school bus to go home after school in Deqing County, east China's Zhejiang Province, Nov. 21, 2011. Local government of Deqing County has invested 20 million yuan (3.14 million U.S. dollars) to order 79 school buses, which are specially designed for children with smaller seats and seat belts as well as bright yellow color to have better warning function. Among the 79 buses, 14 ones have truck-style front ends, and this appearance like a long nose can effectively reduce the impact force and better protect children's safety. Drivers of such kind of school buses are required not to exceed 60 kilometers per hour. Nearly 6,000 children from 25 primary schools have benefited from the operation of this kind of school bus in Deqing County.China issued a set of technical standards for school buses for primary school students last year, and the drafting of another standard for buses for the kindergartners is also underway.According to the draft, the government will adopt a license system for school bus operation.Vehicles that are up to school bus standards and with a unified appearance will be first in line to obtain approval from education authorities, and the draft also requires buses to register at the traffic administrative agencies before they can be used as school buses.Instead of compulsory annual safety checks, the draft would require school bus owners to renew their safety qualifications every six months.Drivers should also check the safety condition of the buses before each commute, the draft said.The draft asks schools and the school bus service providers to intensify safety management and maintenance and assign special staff on buses to look after students on board.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard (HP) on Friday announced that it is keeping the webOS software alive by contributing it to the open source community.The company said it will make the underlying code of webOS available under an open source license and will engage the open source community to help define the charter of the open source project."WebOS is the only platform designed from the ground up to be mobile, cloud-connected and scalable," Meg Whitman, HP's chief executive officer, said in a statement."By contributing this innovation, HP unleashes the creativity of the open source community to advance a new generation of applications and devices," she added.HP said it will remain active in the development and support of webOS, while the source code will be available for use and improvement by anyone choosing to download it, which means other hardware manufacturers can also use the software.With the help of the open source community, HP can save development and other costs and the new announcement is expected to result in more layoffs from its webOS team, some analysts noted.The webOS is a mobile operating system initially developed by Palm which was acquired by HP last April for 1.2 billion U.S. dollars.In February this year, HP released TouchPad, its first tablet computer which runs the webOS operating system. The device didn't sell well, and HP in August decided to completely shut down webOS hardware business, including TouchPad and webOS phones.HP then said that it will continue to explore options to optimize the value of webOS software going forward.By keeping the software open source, users of webOS devices will continue to receive software improvements and updates in the future, HP noted."As webOS gains traction as an open source alternative in the marketplace, you could see webOS on several different types of devices by any number of vendors. We will explore the viability of putting webOS on devices, just as we do for other leading operating systems," the company said in a corporate blog post.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- A new study examining weather patterns around the worldwide pandemics of influenza, which caused widespread death and illness in 1918, 1957, 1968 and 2009, finds that each of them was preceded by La Nina conditions in the equatorial Pacific. The study findings are published online Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.The study's authors -- Jeffrey Shaman of Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Marc Lipsitch of the Harvard School of Public Health -- note that the La Nina pattern is known to alter the migratory patterns of birds, which are thought to be a primary reservoir of human influenza. The scientists theorize that altered migration patterns promote the development of dangerous new strains of influenza.To examine the relationship between weather patterns and influenza pandemics, the researchers studied records of ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific in the fall and winter before the four most recent flu pandemics emerged. They found that all four pandemics were preceded by below-normal sea surface temperatures -- consistent with the La Nina phase of the El Nino- Southern Oscillation.The authors cite other research showing that the La Nina pattern alters the migration, stopover time, fitness and interspecies mixing of migratory birds. These conditions could favor the kind of gene swapping or genetic reassortment that creates novel and therefore potentially more variations of the influenza virus."We know that pandemics arise from dramatic changes in the influenza genome. Our hypothesis is that La Nina sets the stage for these changes by reshuffling the mixing patterns of migratory birds, which are a major reservoir for influenza," says Shaman.Changes in migration not only alter the pattern of contact among bird species, they could also change the ways that birds come into contact with domestic animals like pigs. Gene-swapping between avian and pig influenza viruses was a factor in the 2009 swine flu pandemic.

KUNMING, Nov. 30 (Xinhua) -- More than 10,000 new HIV infections were reported in southwest China's Yunnan province during the first 10 months of this year, bringing the total number of HIV carriers and AIDS patients in the province to more than 90,000, local AIDS prevention authorities said Wednesday.As of Oct. 31, a total of 93,567 HIV infections had been reported in the province, with the disease claiming 14,340 lives, according to statistics from the Yunnan AIDS Prevention Bureau.The number of HIV infections contracted through sexual contact has been rising and sexual contact is now the main cause of the disease's proliferation, said Xu Heping, director of the bureau.Of the province's infected population, 45.8 percent contracted the disease through sexual contact, while 37.3 percent contracted the disease through intravenous drug abuse, according to the bureau.Sexually transmitted infections accounted for 77.3 percent of new infections during the January-October period, up from 71.3 percent during the same period last year, according to the statistics.Xu said this year's new infections mainly occurred in people between the ages of 20 and 39, accounting for 60.8 percent of the total.Infections among rural residents and unemployed people accounted for 55.3 percent and 18.6 percent, respectively, of this year's total, according to Xu.Lu Lin, director of the Yunnan disease control and prevention center, said migrant workers are particularly vulnerable to the disease due to their nomadic nature and lack of knowledge about the disease.China currently has 346,000 registered HIV carriers and AIDS patients, although the actual number is predicted to hit 780,000 by the end of this year, according to an expert panel consisting of members of China's Ministry of Health (MOH), the World Health Organization and UNAIDS.