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WASHINGTON, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Older people with low blood levels of vitamin B12 markers may be more likely to have lower brain volumes and have problems with their thinking skills, according to researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.The results of the study will be published Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Foods that come from animals, including fish, meat, especially liver, milk, eggs and poultry are usual sources of vitamin B12.The study involved 121 older residents of the south side of Chicago over the age of 65. They had blood drawn to measure levels of vitamin B12 and B12-related markers that can indicate a B12 deficiency. The same subjects took tests measuring their memory and other cognitive skills.An average of four-and-a-half years later, MRI scans of the participants' brains were taken to measure total brain volume and look for other signs of brain damage.Having high levels of four of five markers for vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with having lower scores on the cognitive tests and smaller total brain volume."Our findings definitely deserve further examination," said Christine Tangney, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center and lead author of the study. "It's too early to say whether increasing vitamin B12 levels in older people through diet or supplements could prevent these problems, but it is an interesting question to explore. Findings from a British trial with B vitamin supplementation are also supportive of these outcomes."On the cognitive tests, the scores ranged from -2.18 to 1.42, with an average of 0.23. For each increase of one micromole per liter of homocysteine -- one of the markers of B12 deficiency -- the cognitive scores decreased by 0.03 standardized units or points.Tangney noted that the level of vitamin B12 itself in the blood was not associated with cognitive problems or loss in brain volume. "Our findings lend support for the contention that poor vitamin B12 status is a potential risk factor for brain atrophy and may contribute to cognitive impairment," said Tangney.

WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- The tropics and much of the Northern Hemisphere are likely to experience an irreversible rise in summer temperatures within the next 20 to 60 years if atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continue to increase, according to a new climate study by Stanford University scientists. The results will be published later this month in the journal Climatic Change.In the study, the Stanford team concluded that many tropical regions in Africa, Asia and South America could see "the permanent emergence of unprecedented summer heat" in the next two decades. Middle latitudes of Europe, China and North America -- including the United States -- are likely to undergo extreme summer temperature shifts within 60 years, the researchers found."According to our projections, large areas of the globe are likely to warm up so quickly that, by the middle of this century, even the coolest summers will be hotter than the hottest summers of the past 50 years," said the study's lead author, Noah Diffenbaugh, an assistant professor of environmental Earth system science and fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford. The study is co-authored by Stanford research assistant Martin Scherer."When scientists talk about global warming causing more heat waves, people often ask if that means that the hottest temperatures will become 'the new normal,'" Diffenbaugh said. " That got us thinking -- at what point can we expect the coolest seasonal temperatures to always be hotter than the historically highest temperatures for that season?"To determine the seasonal impact of global warming in coming decades, Diffenbaugh and Scherer analyzed more than 50 climate model experiments -- including computer simulations of the 21st century when global greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to increase, and simulations of the 20th century that accurately " predicted" the Earth's climate during the last 50 years. The analysis revealed that many parts of the planet could experience a permanent spike in seasonal temperatures within 60 years."We also analyzed historical data from weather stations around the world to see if the projected emergence of unprecedented heat had already begun," Diffenbaugh said. "It turns out that when we look back in time using temperature records, we find that this extreme heat emergence is occurring now, and that climate models represent the historical patterns remarkably well."According to both the climate model analysis and the historical weather data, the tropics are heating up the fastest. "We find that the most immediate increase in extreme seasonal heat occurs in the tropics, with up to 70 percent of seasons in the early 21st century (2010-2039) exceeding the late-20th century maximum," the authors wrote.Tropical regions may see the most dramatic changes first, but wide swaths of North America, China and Mediterranean Europe are also likely to enter into a new heat regime by 2070, according to the study.This dramatic shift in seasonal temperatures could have severe consequences for human health, agricultural production and ecosystem productivity, Diffenbaugh said. As an example, he pointed to record heat waves in Europe in 2003 that killed 40,000 people. He also cited studies showing that projected increases in summer temperatures in the Midwestern United States could reduce the harvest of staples, such as corn and soybeans, by more than 30 percent.

WELLINGTON, May 31 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand agricultural produce regulators cleared an Auckland-based firm that exported infant formula to China of food safety concerns, just hours after confirming they had launched an investigation.The clarification came the same day Kiaora New Zealand International, marketers of Heitiki infant formula, apologized for using a Maori name and icon on its product packaging.The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) issued a statement Tuesday to say Kiaora New Zealand had been cleared of food safety and export regulations concerns, but an investigation into the labeling and marketing of Heitiki would continue.The MAF issued a statement earlier Tuesday confirming reports it was investigating the product's safety, but MAF compliance and enforcement director Geoff Allen said in a later statement the investigation had been underway for about 10 days."The investigation was triggered by our internal surveillance. The investigation was primarily on whether there was a food safety issue, and I'm pleased to report that no food safety issues were identified," said Allen.Nothing "untoward" was identified in the origin and export destination of Heitiki-branded products, which were manufactured in New Zealand according to legal requirements, said Allen."The investigation has now turned to the labeling and marketing of the product. This aspect is ongoing, and seeks to identify anything in the labeling or marketing that is inaccurate or misleading.

BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A lost tribe has been spotted in the Amazon rainforests of Brazil, according to the media report Monday.The discovery was confirmed by National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) of Brazil, a government body overseeing indigenous peoples.The tribe was initially found through satellite images earlier this year and later confirmed by the observers in aerial fight over the area.There are approximately 200 members in this isolate community who share three straw-roofed buildings and make their living from growing corns, bananas and other crops.FUNAI does not contact with the new-found tribe or give its exact location in order to protect its life from being disturbed."Among the main threats to the well-being of these groups are illegal fishing, hunting, logging, mining, cattle ranching and drug trafficking," FUNAI coordinator Fabricio Amorim warned."The work of identifying and protecting isolated groups is part of Brazilian public policy," he said, and "to confirm something like this takes years of methodical work."

BEIJING, July 27 (Xinhuanet) -- Amazon.com’s e-book reader Kindle 3G with special offers is now the company’s top-selling e-book device, according to media reports on Wednesday.Amazon revealed in its quarterly earnings report that the ad-supported version costs 139 U.S. dollars,  50 dollars cheaper than the comparable Kindle 3G, and costs the same as a Kindle with Wi-Fi connectivity. Many believe Kindle is the most popular dedicated e-book device on the market today.The advertisements will appear only in screensavers (which appear when the reader is in an idle state) and at the bottom of the home screen, so they don’t interrupt readers.“Since AT&T agreed to sponsor screensavers, Kindle 3G with Special Offers is now our bestselling Kindle device,” Amazon’s press release said.Having zoomed past the earlier Sony Reader, and kicked off a wave of competition including the Barnes & Noble Nook and the Kobo E-Reader, Kindle is believed the most popular dedicated e-book device on the market today.