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WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

THE HAGUE, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- ESBL-enzymes, which are known for their ability to stop the effects of antibiotics, can directly pass from chicken to people, said a research published on Tuesday.Veterinary researcher Dik Mevius of the Wageningen University released the finding in the magazine Resource.The research group led by Mevius has isolated six ESBL-genes varieties and compared them to bacteria found on hospital patients, on super market poultry and in laying batteries. In 35 percent of all cases, they discovered a match of 100 percent.Bacteria like Klebsiella on E. coli can produce the ESBL-enzymes. A healthy person will not feel any effect, but people with a lower immune system can get very sick. In areas like a hospital, the infection can easily spread."The main concern is that the enzyme resists the most used antibiotics, which makes the treatment of infected persons difficult," said Mevius.According to Mevius, 94 percent of supermarket poultry carries the enzyme, but all enzymes will be killed during the heating process of cooking.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 22 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. plans to introduce a new iPhone in September featuring faster chip and more advanced camera, U.S. media reported on Wednesday.The new iPhone model, which will closely resemble iPhone 4, will include the A5 processor, a more powerful chip that Apple added to the iPad 2 tablet computer earlier this year, along with an 8-megapixel camera, up from the 5-megapixel model in the iPhone 4, Bloomberg quoted two people familiar with the product as saying.The device will run the iOS 5 operating system Apple previewed at its annual developer conference earlier this month.Aiming at attracting customers in developing countries, Apple is also working to finish a cheaper version of the iPhone which will use chips and displays of similar quality to the current iPhone 4, said the sources.Meanwhile, it was reported that Apple is also testing a new version of the iPad with a higher resolution screen, which, similar to the one currently used on iPhone 4, will be about one- third higher than iPad 2 and feature a more responsive touchscreen.According to a recent projection on smartphone market by the International Data Corp. (IDC), a small market share decline of iPhone is expected as the smartphone market matures and diversifies in 2011.The release of a new iPhone would help Apple gain more market share as smartphones powered by Google's Android system are predicted to grow to more than 40 percent of the market in the second half of this year.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Thursday announced that its tablet computer, HP TouchPad, will go on sale in the United States on July 1.Two versions of HP TouchPad, with the option of either 16 gigabytes or 32 gigabytes of internal storage, and both only with Wi-Fi connection, will be available in the United States for 499. 99 U.S. dollars and 599.99 dollars respectively, the company said in a statement.The product will hit stores in Britain, Ireland, France and Germany a few days later and in Canada in mid-July, with availability scheduled to follow later this year in Italy, Spain, Australia, China's Hong Kong, New Zealand and Singapore.Preorders in North America and Europe will begin on June 19, HP said.HP did not release the price details when it introduced TouchPad on Feb. 9. The black device, with a 9.7-inch touch screen, runs webOS operating system, a mobile platform developed by Palm, a smartphone maker acquired by HP last April for 1.8 billion dollars.

WASHINGTON, July 8 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama on Friday hailed space shuttle Atlantis' final flight in NASA's shuttle program, saying Americans across the country watched with pride as America reached for the heavens once more.Obama expressed his "sincere gratitude" to Atlantis astronauts and space workers because they "helped our country lead the space age.""Today's launch may mark the final flight of the space shuttle, " Obama said in a statement. "But it propels us into the next era of our never-ending adventure to push the very frontiers of exploration and discovery in space."Friday's flight is the 33rd voyage for Atlantis. Its return to the earth later this month will mark the end of the 30-year shuttle program."What a truly awesome day today," said NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations Bill Gerstenmaier at the STS- 135 postlaunch news conference. "What you saw is the finest launch team and shuttle preparation teams in the world.""It truly was an awesome, spectacular launch," added Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana, who looked ahead to plans for future development beyond the shuttle program as space station operations continue.Atlantis will be the last shuttle to be retired. Discovery was first in March, followed by Endeavour at the beginning of June. Each shuttle will head to a museum.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.