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SHIJIAZHUANG, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chickens began being domesticated in China about 8,000 years ago, far earlier than in the rest of the world,according to a recent study on fossils uncovered in north China's Hebei Province.Archaeologists said they had unearthed 116 fossil specimens from 23 types of animals, including pig, dog, chicken, tortoise, fish, and clam, at the Cishan Site, a Neolithic village relic in the city of Wu'an.Several bone fragments were identified to be from domesticated chickens, said Qiao Dengyun, head of the Handan Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology."The chicken bones found at Cishan are slightly larger than wild jungle fowls, but smaller than that of a modern domesticated chicken," said Qiao.Qiao said the bone fossils date back to 6,000 BC, earlier than the oldest domesticated chicken previously discovered in India that dated back 4,000 years."Most of the bones were from cocks, indicating that ancient residents used the practice of killing cocks for their meat and raising hens for their eggs," said Qiao.The Cishan Site, which dates back 10,000 years, was first discovered in the 1970s. At the site, experts have found remnants of China's oldest cultivated millet as well as walnut shells, a discovery that challenged the popular belief that walnuts had been brought to China from what is now Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Central Asia.

HONOLULU, the United States, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming has said that China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, launched at the beginning of last year, accords with the mutual interests of China and ten nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and brings advantage to both sides.Chen made the remarks during his meetings with Indonesian Trade Minister Gita Wirijawan and Thai Deputy Prime Minister and Commerce Minister Kittirat Na Ranong on Friday on the sidelines of the week-long Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings held in Honolulu, Hawaii.According to information made available to Xinhua Saturday, Chen said in his meeting with Gita that China and Indonesia have witnessed a sound development of bilateral economic and trade relations. The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area has provided a new platform for the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, with more benefits and opportunities for enterprises from both countries.Chinese enterprises, especially those from the southern part of China, are keen to invest in Indonesia, said Chen, adding that China would like to discuss with Indonesia on creating areas similar to industrial parks so as to attract more Chinese enterprises and enterprises from other countries to invest in the Southeast Asian country.Gita said Indonesia will commit to the consensus reached between leaders of both countries to increase the volume of bilateral trade from current 34 billion U.S. dollars to 80 billion U.S. dollars in three or four years.He welcomed Chinese enterprises to invest in Indonesia, adding it will be conducive to the realization of the trade goal.Saying that the economies of Indonesia and China have been complimentary to each other, Gita expressed the will of comprehensive and long-term cooperation between both sides.During his meeting with Kittirat, Chen first expressed sympathy to the flood victims in the country, saying that China would like to offer assistance to the rescue and reconstruction efforts and strengthen cooperation in areas including infrastructure construction with Thailand.He said China and ASEAN nations should promote the substantial cooperation among member nations of the China-ASEAN free trade area, the largest free trade area in the world, improve infrastructure including highways, railroads, ports, telecommunication and electricity, so as to benefit the enterprises and people in the regions.China encourages enterprises to invest in the ASEAN nations and would like to conduct cooperation with enterprises from Thailand and other countries, Chen added.Kittirat, expressing his gratitude to China's help to the flood disaster, said that Thailand attaches great importance to the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.Noting that Chinese enterprises are well-experienced in the construction of highways, railroads and bridges, he said Thailand welcomes Chinese enterprises to participate the construction and investment projects in these areas.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- An inexpensive drug that treats Type 2 diabetes has been shown to prevent a number of natural and man-made chemicals from stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells, according to a newly published study by a Michigan State University researcher. The research, led by pediatrics professor James Trosko and colleagues from South Korea's Seoul National University, provides biological evidence for previously reported epidemiological surveys that long-term use of the drug metformin for Type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes-associated cancers, such as breast cancers.The research appeared online this week in PLoS One.For the study, Trosko and colleagues focused on the concept that cancers originate from adult human stem cells and that there are many natural and man-made chemicals that enhance the growth of breast cancer cells. Using culture dishes, they grew miniature human breast tumors, or mammospheres, that activated a certain stem cell gene. Then the mammospheres were exposed to natural estrogen -- a known growth factor and potential breast tumor promoter -- and man-made chemicals that are known to promote tumors or disrupt the endocrine system.The team found that estrogen and the chemicals caused the mammospheres to increase in numbers and size. However, with metformin added, the numbers and size of the mammospheres were dramatically reduced. While each of the chemicals enhanced growth by different means, metformin seemed to be able to inhibit their stimulated growth in all cases."While future studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism by which metformin works to reduce the growth of breast cancers, this study reveals the need to determine if the drug might be used as a preventive drug and for individuals who have no indication of any existing cancers," Trosko said.

BAIKONUR, Kazakhstan, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- Russia's Phobos-Grunt probe and China's Yinghuo-1 satellite were launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on a Zenit-2SB rocket at 00:16 am Moscow time Wednesday (2016 GMT Tuesday).The main aim of the Phobos-Grunt unmanned mission is to bring back the first ever soil sample from Phobos, the larger of Mars' two moons.Russia had spent about 5 billion rubles (about 161 million U.S. dollars) preparing for the three-year mission, which would include drilling Phobos' surface and returning 200 grams of soil back to Earth, according to Russian state space agency Roscosmos.The mission would also collect bacteria samples for two Russian and one U.S. biological experiments.In the meantime, China's first Mars probe Yinghuo will go into orbit around Mars and observe the planet itself.Phobos-Grunt is planned to reach Mars in 2012, then deploy its lander for Phobos in 2013 and return the soil sample back to Earth in August 2014.The Chinese probe, which would not land on Mars nor return to the Earth, is expected stay permanently in the space and communicate with the ground control directly via satellites.The Chinese probe is 75 cm long, 75 cm wide and 60 cm high. It weighs 115 kilograms and was designed for a two-year life to discover why water disappeared from Mars and shed light on other environmental changes on the planet.Victor Khartov, chief designer and director general of Lavochkin Research & Production Association, told Xinhua that the three-year mission is highly complicated."It consists of eight sub-missions: launch, travel to Mars vicinities, separation with the Chinese probe YH-1, landing on Phobos, soil collection, launch from Phobos, way back to the Earth, and final landing. Failure of any one of them could doom the entire project," he said.The launch of Phobos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1, originally scheduled for October 2009 on a Russian carrier rocket, has been postponed until 2011 due to "technical reasons" on the Russian side.

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- Beijing will offer residents 20,000 rental bikes this year to ease the city's notorious traffic jams, according to authorities with the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.Five hundred rental kiosks will be set up around the city to offer residents over 20,000 rental bikes, the commission said.Beijing has also proposed creating new bike lanes in some areas, including main streets, historical and cultural conservation areas and some major business districts, from 2011 to 2015, according to the commission.The capital city currently has about 5 million vehicles on its roads, leading to serious traffic congestion that frustrates the city's residents on a daily basis."A lack of bike lanes is the reason why I refuse to ride a bike. Bikes and vehicles are using the same lanes, and that frightens me and makes me feel unsafe," said Beijing resident Song Tao.People often park cars on the city's existing bike lanes, pushing cyclists onto the vehicles' lanes, said Song.To ease traffic congestion, Beijing has made various efforts to encourage people to opt for modes of public transportation.On Dec. 31, Beijing opened three new subway lines, bringing the number of subway lines in Beijing to 15, with a total length of 372 kilometers, said Beijing Metro Spokesman Jia Peng.Beijing will open four more subway lines in 2012, according to information released at a rail transit construction mobilization conference.Amid other measures to ease traffic in 2011, city authorities decided to allow only 240,000 vehicles to be registered annually, slashing the new car registrations by two-thirds from the 2010 level.Meanwhile, vehicles are banned from roads one day each week according to license plate numbers.

来源：资阳报