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According to President Donald Trump, the tragic Texas church shooting that left 26 people dead was "a mental health problem at the highest level."If you ask mental health researchers, such mass shootings are much more complicated than that.On Sunday, 26-year-old Devin Kelley sprayed bullets across the sanctuary of First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, about 30 miles east of San Antonio. The youngest killed at the church was 17 months old; the oldest was 77 years old."We have a lot of mental health problems in our country, as do other countries, but this isn't a guns situation," Trump said during a joint news conference Monday in Tokyo."This is a mental health problem at the highest level," he said. "It's a very, very sad event."Trump's response to the Texas church shooting echoed previous comments he has made on gun violence. In 2015, Trump said he was opposed to tightening gun laws in the United States but was in favor of addressing mental health to prevent shootings.Yet various epidemiological studies over the past two decades show that the vast majority of people with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or severe depression, are no more likely to be violent than anyone else.Rather, people with severe mental illnesses are more than 10 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population. And, only about 3% to 5% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services.But those statistics have "almost nothing to do with mass casualty shootings," said Jeffrey Swanson, a professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Duke University who specializes in gun violence and mental illness.So exactly how are mental health and gun violence intertwined, and what is needed to end the violence?Gun violence and mental illness are public health problems "that intersect at the edges" but have very little overlap, Swanson told CNN last year.There's no doubt that America's systems of care for mental health are overburdened, expensive and inaccessible for many who need them, he said. But when it comes to gun violence among this community, suicide tends to occur at higher rates than homicides, he said."If we back up and think about firearm-related injuries and mortality as a public health problem, it turns out there is a mental health-related story, and it's suicide," he said. "If we had better mental health care and could get people better access and break down barriers to care, then yes, we might reduce gun violence by a lot but it would be from reducing suicides."Otherwise, mental illness is just one "highly unspecific" factor that may contribute to gun violence, along with being young, white and male, or a history of violence, Swanson said.Instead of policies that restrict gun access based solely on mental illness diagnoses or because a person has made contact with the judicial system or health care agencies due to mental illness, the American Psychological Association, the National Alliance on Mental Illness and other advocacy groups have called for gun access criteria based on more subtle indicators of potentially dangerous behavior.Those indicators -- such as having past or pending violent misdemeanor convictions or charges, domestic violence restraining orders or multiple DUI convictions -- have been largely informed by the work of Swanson and others.Swanson supports intervention at the point of purchase through comprehensive background checks -- but to make background checks work, criteria for inclusion on the database should be based on other indicators of risk besides mental health history, such as those indicators of aggressive, impulsive or risky behavior."A history of violent behavior is a far better predictor of future violence than mental illness," he said.Calling gun violence a mental health issue is to scapegoat and stigmatize people with mental illness, he said."It's kind of a canard, a convenient explanation that exploits the tremendous fear people have with these horrifying mass shootings," he said. "If people fear those with mental illness they're going to treat them with scorn and support public policies that restrict their liberties."After all, mental illness affects millions of adults across the country.In 2015, there were an estimated 43.4 million adults in the United States with some form of mental illness within the past year, which represented 17.9% of adults nationwide, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.The American Psychological Association recommends prohibiting firearms for high-risk groups, such as domestic violence offenders or persons convicted of violent misdemeanor crimes."Reducing the incidence of gun violence will require interventions through multiple systems, including legal, public health, public safety, community, and health. Increasing the availability of data and funding will help inform and evaluate policies designed to reduce gun violence," according to the association's website.Swanson and his colleagues examined the proportion of people in the United States with impulsive angry behavior who own or carry guns and have a diagnosable mental illness in a paper published in the journal Behavioral Sciences & the Law in 2015.They conducted household surveys with 9,282 people from February 2001 to April 2003, excluding people who carried guns for work, resulting in a response rate of 70.9%.An analysis of the survey results estimated that nearly one in 10 adults has access to firearms and has a problem with anger and impulsive aggressive behavior.These people were more likely to be male, younger and married and to live in outlying areas around metropolitan centers rather than in central cities, Swanson and his colleagues wrote in their paper.They were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for a wide range of mental disorders, including depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders, PTSD, intermittent explosive disorder, pathological gambling, eating disorder, alcohol and illicit drug use disorders, and a range of personality disorders.What's more, despite evidence of "considerable psychopathology" in many of these respondents, only a very small proportion, 8% to 10%, were ever hospitalized for a mental health problem."Because only a small proportion of persons with this risky combination have ever been involuntarily hospitalized for a mental health problem, most will not be subject to existing mental health-related legal restrictions on firearms resulting from a history of involuntary commitment," Swanson and his colleagues wrote in the paper's abstract.As for Texas gunman Kelley, the state denied him a license to carry a gun, Gov. Greg Abbott said, citing the director of Texas' Department of Public Safety."So how was it that he was able to get a gun? By all the facts that we seem to know, he was not supposed to have access to a gun," Abbott told CNN's Chris Cuomo. "So how did this happen?"On Monday, Trump said his "thoughts and prayers" were with the victims and their families but did not suggest plans to take any legislative or other policy action to address the shooting. 7228

After the MLB Players Association said on Monday that it has rejected the latest proposal from baseball owners to resume play, MLB says it is ready to move forward with framework that the players and owners agreed to shortly after the season was postponed in March.MLB is now asking if players will be able to report on July 1 for training camp, and if the players will agree to health and safety protocols imposed by MLB. MLB is giving the players' union until Tuesday night to respond.MLB said in a statement, “Today, the Major League Baseball Players Association informed us that they have rejected the agreement framework developed by Commissioner Manfred and Tony Clark. Needless to say, we are disappointed by this development.MLB said that the proposal rejected by players included the expansion of the MLB playoffs and a universal DH. MLB players union released the following statement:“The MLBPA Executive Board met multiple times in recent days to assess the status of our efforts to resume the 2020 season.“Earlier this evening, the full Board reaffirmed the players' eagerness to return to work as soon and as safely as possible. To that end we anticipate finalizing a comprehensive set of health and safety protocols with Major League Baseball in the coming days, and we await word from the league on the resumption of spring training camps and a proposed 2020 schedule.“While we had hoped to reach a revised back to work agreement with the league, the Players remain fully committed to proceeding under our current agreement and getting back on the field for the fans, for the game, and for each other.”The players union has complained that the league is attempting to play the fewest number of games possible.“The commissioner has repeatedly threatened to schedule a dramatically shortened season unless players agree to hundreds of millions in further concessions,” the MLBPA said on June 13. “Our response has been consistent that such concessions are unwarranted, would be fundamentally unfair to players, and that our sport deserves the fullest 2020 season possible.”The framework released late Monday does not stipulate an exact number of games, but it is believed that MLB will try to complete 50 to 60 games for the 2020 season. 2259

Agents with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) have recovered two nude photographs of a woman taken by Metro Nashville Police Sergeant Rob Forrest while he was being paid by taxpayers to protect Nashville Mayor Megan Barry.That detail is contained in a new search warrant filed Wednesday, seeking permission from a judge to search Barry's mobile phone.TBI agent Joshua Savely said in his affidavit that the face of the woman is not visible in the photographs recovered from Metro Police emails.Those photos appear to have been taken on Forrest's city-issued iPhone, then deleted, the affidavit says.Still, Savley wrote that a separate picture recovered from Forrest's phone shows Barry wearing clothing similar to items visible in one of the nude photos. Barry can also be seen carrying a purse similar to one that appears in another nude picture."Your affiant believes that probable cause exists to show that Rob Forrest used a department issued iPhone 6s Plus while on duty," Savley wrote."It will also show that on May 15, 2017, and on October 18, 2017, he used this phone to photograph a nude or partially nude female. It will also show that Rob Forrest's timecards report that he was working while these photographs were taken."Your affiant believes probable cause exists to show that Rob Forrest was indeed not working at the time [those photographs] were taken but was rather participating in the affair with Megan Barry at these time."Forrest submitted his retirement to the Metro Nashville Police Department on Jan. 31, the same say that Barry admitted that she and Forrest had had an affair.  Search Warrant Affidavits (PDF) Search Warrant Affidavits (Text) 1718

According to new travel notifications from the FAA, President Trump is trimming back the length of his visit amid talks about a military strike in Syria.The FAA advisory suggests the president will arrive some time after 2 p.m. Monday and leave by 11 a.m. Thursday. He was initially scheduled to stay Sunday to Sunday.Trump is scheduled to meet with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo?Abe at Mar-a-Lago on Tuesday and Wednesday.The summit comes ahead of a proposed meeting between Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jung Un. 527

After fighting off insurgents in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mike Cutone returned back to the streets of Springfield, Massachusetts, only to discover that the situation wasn’t much better at home.During the late 2000s, it wasn’t out of the normal to see gang members openly riding up and down the community’s streets, openly brandishing assault rifles. The crime problem had gotten so bad that heroin was being sold in broad daylight, just blocks away from the state police barracks, where Cutone was stationed as an officer.“The citizens didn’t feel safe, people felt like prisoners in their own homes,” Cutone recalled of those years.Having recently returned from a counter insurgency tour overseas, Cutone could see that the way the crime ridden neighborhoods were being policed wasn’t working. So, he came up with a plan, drawn directly from his experience as a Green Beret. The idea was called Counter Criminal Continuum Policing or C3. Cutone partnered with Springfield police to create the new concept that focused on gaining the trust of the community instead of just arresting criminals.For the past 12 years, community leaders, city police, state police, residents and business owners have met once a week as part of the C3 program. From getting to know local business owners, to knocking on doors, the program’s foundation is rooted in winning over the trust of the community in an effort to address crime.And it’s working.“You aren’t going to arrest your way out of crime. We weren’t looking at crime through the lens of the people that live there. It starts with law enforcement understanding what these communities are going through,” Cutone said.As the nation currently struggles with police reform, Cutone sees this as a model other city could emulate.“Because of the trust factor, we built legitimacy with the community and meeting with them on a weekly basis, we want to hear what they have to say and solve these problems in their communities. Right now, we’re not hearing about partnership we’re hearing about division, division never wins there has to be a partnership,” he added.Although parts of the city are still dealing with crime, the areas infiltrated by the C3 program are almost unrecognizable. On streets where gang members once dealt drugs in broad daylight, neighbors’ biggest complaints are now typically about illegal dumping.And community leaders can see the long-term impacts the program is having.“We can see businesses are coming back and young people can get a job. Now we look at the city as being one neighborhood because we’re all working together for the same cause,” said Neil Boyd, a local Bishop in the area. 2657

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