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WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Overweight or obesity may put children at three times greater risk for high blood pressure than those of normal weight, according to researchers from the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine.Their study will appear in the November issue of Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association with advance online publication on Monday.More than 1,100 healthy Indiana school children were followed for nearly five years. The researchers found that when body mass index (BMI) reached or exceeded the 85th percentile for the age and gender of the child -- designated as being overweight -- the risk of high blood pressure nearly tripled. Obesity was defined as a BMI percentile higher than 95th. BMI is a measurement of body fat calculated from weight and height.Among study participants, 14 percent of overweight or obese children were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive, compared with 5 percent of normal weight children. These findings were consistent across age, gender and race.The average age at time of study enrollment was 10.2 years. Each child was assessed approximately eight times during the course of the study. All were healthy children and none were taking medication affecting blood pressure."Higher blood pressure in childhood sets the stage for high blood pressure in adulthood," said Regenstrief Institute Investigator Wanzhu Tu, professor of biostatistics at IU School of Medicine, who led the study. "Targeted interventions are needed for these children. Even small decreases in BMI could yield major health benefits."The researcher also found that leptin, a protein hormone which is involved in body weight regulation and metabolism, was positively associated with increased blood pressure in overweight and obese children.

CAPE TOWN, Dec. 15 (Xinhua) -- More people voluntarily get HIV tests in the Western Cape province, an indication of people's rising awareness of the epidemic, authorities said on Thursday.Nearly 11,000 people in the province have been tested over the past 10 days as authorities stepped efforts to halve the number of HIV transmissions over the next few years, according to official figures.Authorities expect more people to be tested when the monthly campaign ends by the end of December.In December last year, 67,111 people were tested.This year's figure is expected to be higher than that of last year, said Western Cape Premier Helen Zille.The campaign, known as Know Your Status and Win, may become a regular feature in the province, said Zille.To encourage more people to take part in the campaign, the province offers awards to several winners by drawing, ranging from 10,000 rand (about 1,250 U. S. dollars) to 50,000 rand (about 6, 250 dollars)."The bottom line is that people respond to incentives," said Zille, who hailed the campaign a success.She said the reality was that those who stubbornly did not want to get tested, were those crucially in need of doing so.While the data still had to be audited, preliminary results indicated a spike in the number of people who were tested.There was also a significant increase at routine testing center that were not part of the campaign, said Zille. Of 22.9 million HIV positive people in sub-Saharan Africa, 5.6 million in South Africa, according to an annual report by UNAIDS.

NEW DELHI, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- Suspected encephalitis has killed over 100 children in the northern Indian state of Bihar since June, reported local media Saturday.At least 51 children in Bihar's Gaya district died of the epidemic in the last seven weeks, in the wake of the death of 55 children in a similar outbreak of the brain disease in another district of the state earlier, reported Indo-Asian News Service.Most of the children belong to a caste known for its absolute poverty.According to district health officials, all children have died at Anugrah Narain Medical College and Hospital in Gaya, about 100 km from the state capital Patna.The children reported high fever, followed by bouts of unconsciousness and convulsions.So far, more than 220 children with suspected encephalitis were admitted for treatment, with over two dozens of the children still battling for life, according to the report.Earlier, Indian Health and Family Welfare Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad has said clinical and epidemiological data suggested that there was an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome, resulting in 150 cases and 55 deaths, mostly among children, from early June to mid-July in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult laboratory mice that had been bred to have the inherited blood disorder by activating production of a special blood component, according to a study published online Thursday in the journal Science.Sickle cell disease results from an abnormality in hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. People living with sickle cell disease have two copies of an altered gene that produces sickle hemoglobin instead of normal adult hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin changes shape after releasing its oxygen, causing the red blood cell to become stiff, misshapen and sticky, and slowing blood flow to tissues. This process damages organs and causes pain.The study tested a new approach to increasing the production of a third form of hemoglobin -- fetal hemoglobin. Production of fetal hemoglobin predominates before birth, but turns off thereafter as adult hemoglobin production takes over. People with sickle cell disease are unable to make normal adult hemoglobin, and instead make sickle hemoglobin starting in infancy.An elevated level of fetal hemoglobin within the red blood cell reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change the shape of red blood cells. Considerable research has shown that the drug hydroxyurea increases production of fetal hemoglobin and reduces the number of pain crises and other complications of sickle cell disease in adults and children. However, not all patients respond well to hydroxyurea, and adverse side effects are a concern.The current study explores a more targeted approach to increasing fetal hemoglobin production. It builds upon earlier studies that discovered a protein called BCL11A normally suppresses the production of fetal hemoglobin soon after birth. The researchers viewed the BCL11A protein as a target for therapy and decided to see what would happen if they blocked production of the protein.The paper details how the research team silenced the mouse gene that produces the BCL11A protein in mice with sickle cell disease. Silencing the gene turned off production of the BCL11A protein and allowed the adult mice to continue to produce fetal hemoglobin. It appears to have eliminated disease symptoms without affecting other aspects of blood production."This discovery provides an important new target for future therapies in people with sickle cell disease," said Susan Shurin, acting director of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which co-funded the study. "More work is needed before it will be possible to test such therapies in people, but this study demonstrates that the approach works in principle."Approximately 100,000 Americans live with sickle cell disease. It is most prevalent in people of African, Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. There is no widely available cure for sickle cell disease. Bone marrow transplants have cured some patients, but the treatment is not without risk and most patients do not have relatives who can donate compatible and healthy bone marrow to them.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Nearly a fifth of all Americans 12 years or older have hearing loss so severe that it may make communication difficult, according to a new study led by Johns Hopkins University researchers and published Monday in the Archives of Internal Medicine.The findings, thought to be the first nationally representative estimate of hearing loss, suggest that many more people than previously thought are affected by this condition.Study leader Frank Lin, an assistant professor, and his colleagues used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), a research program that has periodically gathered health data from thousands of Americans since 1971. The researchers analyzed data from all participants age 12 and over whose hearing was tested during NHANES examinations from 2001 to 2008. Unlike previous estimates, NHANES includes men and women of all races and ages, from cities scattered across the country, so it's thought to statistically mimic the population of the Untied States.Using the World Health Organization's definition for hearing loss (not being able to hear sounds of 25 decibels or less in the speech frequencies), the researchers found that overall, about 30 million Americans, or 12.7 percent of the population, had hearing loss in both ears. That number jumps to about 48 million, or 20.3 percent, for people who have hearing loss in at least one ear. These numbers far surpass previous estimates of 21 to 29 million.Hearing loss prevalence nearly doubled with every age decade, with women and blacks being significantly less likely to have hearing loss at any age. Lin and his colleagues aren't sure why these groups appear to be protected. However, he notes that the female hormone estrogen, as well as the melanin pigment in darker skin, could have a protective effect on the inner ear.

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