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WASHINGTON, May 20 (Xinhua) -- Two U.S. astronauts conducted the first of four spacewalks for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 mission on Friday morning, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said.According to the U.S. space agency, Endeavour's mission specialists Andrew Feustel and Greg Chamitoff completed the six-hour, 19-minute spacewalk at 9:29 a.m. EDT (1329 GMT). They successfully installed antennas for the External Wireless Communication system, routing cables, setting up the antenna, installing handrails, and connecting power cables.Because of a carbon dioxide sensor failure in Chamitoff's spacesuit, flight controllers limited his spacewalk time to about six hours 20 minutes, 10 minutes less than the planned six hours and 30 minutes. There was no indication his suit's carbon dioxide levels would rise. However, they deferred tasks to remove a micrometeoroid debris shield to access and attach some of the connection points.This was the 245th spacewalk conducted by U.S. astronauts. It was Feustel's fourth spacewalk for a total time of 27 hours and 17 minutes, and Chamitoff's first.Endeavour lifted off on Monday morning from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to deliver to the International Space Station a 2-billion-dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.

LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- China is ready to push the decade-long Doha Round negotiations for a final success, Chinese Minister of Commerce Chen Deming said here on Saturday.Speaking at the World Trade Organization (WTO) Mini-Ministerial Meeting which brought together representatives from over 20 major trading powers, Chen said that China is ready to collaborate with other WTO members in a practical and proactive manner so as to draw a successful conclusion of the Doha Round talks by the end of 2011.A rapid conclusion of the negotiations, Chen said, will be beneficial to global economic recovery, which is to the interest of all.The commerce minister acknowledged the year 2011 as a "window of opportunity," albeit a narrow one."China will give support to the roadmap proposed by WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy," he said, adding that the country is willing to act vigorously to push forward the negotiation process.To ensure that an early final deal could be in reach, Chen said, parties should set goals in a practical manner, in accordance with the ambition level, and stick to what has been achieved as well as the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), while focusing primarily on pending issues.Held on the sidelines of the annual World Economic Forum, the WTO Mini-Ministerial Meeting is an annual event under the auspices of the Swiss Federal Government.Chen on Friday also joined discussions with his counterparts from the emerging club -- India, Brazil and South Africa, before attending the trade G7 meeting, consisting of Australia, Brazil, China, the European Union, India, Japan and the United States.

BEIJING, March 7 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese currency Renminbi (RMB), or the yuan, on Monday strengthened to an all-time high of 6.5651 per U.S. dollar, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.Monday's central parity rate of the RMB against U.S. dollar was 20 basis points lower than the previous record of 6.5671 set on last Friday.The yuan has appreciated 3.84 percent since June 19 last year when the People's Bank of China, the central bank, announced it would further reform the exchange rate formation mechanism to improve its flexibility.On China's foreign exchange spot market, the yuan can rise or fall 0.5 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.The central parity rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar is based on a weighted average of prices before the opening of the market for each business day.

BEIJING, May 24 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists revealed for the first time the molecular structure of proteins, which enables bacteria to transfer electrical charges, according to a new study. The revelation was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the U.S. on Monday.Scientists used a technique called "x-ray crystallography" to reveal the molecular structure of proteins, which work as atom-sized "wires" discharging excess electricity."This is an exciting advance in our understanding of how some bacterial species move electrons from the inside to the outside of a cell," said lead author Tom Clarke of the University of East Anglia's School of Biological Sciences in Norwich, England.He said this discovery means "We can now start developing efficient 'bio-batteries' as the viable energy source in the future."Still, it could take perhaps a decade to go. Before that, existing uses of such bacteria needed to become 100 or 1,000 times more efficient, he said.The advance could also hasten the development of microbe technology that can help clean up oil or uranium pollution, he said.Microbes might in future be enlisted to clean up nuclear accidents such as Japan's Fukushima Daiichi disaster, he added.

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