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WASHINGTON, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States on Tuesday held high-level talks on enhancing cooperation on anti- monopoly and anti-trust enforcement, with an aim to strengthen the bilateral economic and trade relations.This was the first time that the two sides held such meeting since they signed in last July a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement cooperation by related enforcement agencies from the two countries.Gao Hucheng, China's International Trade Representative and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Commerce, led the Chinese delegation to the talks with the U.S. delegation headed by Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, and Sharis Pozen, acting Assistant Attorney General of the Department of Justice in charge of anti-trust affairs.The two sides briefed each other on the latest developments on the anti-monopoly and anti-trust policies and their enforcement in own country, while discussing ways to further strengthen anti- monopoly and anti-trust enforcement in related industries, during a time of economic downturn.They also reached an agreement on the guidelines of cooperation on pursuing anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement in individual cases, such as mergers of corporations, after reviewing the bilateral exchanges and cooperation in this field.It was agreed that the China-U.S. economic and trade relations are the cornerstone of the overall bilateral relationship, and the enforcement of anti-monopoly and anti-trust laws can help secure the smooth development of their economies, to the benefits of both countries and peoples.Such talks are conducive to enhancing mutual understanding of each other's practices in formulating and enforcing anti-monopoly and anti-trust policies, through sharing experiences and increased cooperation, the two sides agreed.In July, three Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce and State Administration for Industry and Commerce, signed the MOU on cooperation in anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement, with the U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission.The document is a long-term framework between China's anti- monopoly enforcement agencies and their U.S. counterparts, designed to promote better enforcement of competition laws and regulations of the two countries. Under the MOU, the two sides will hold high-level consultations, exchange of information on law enforcement and policies, as well as cooperation on specific cases, mainly for mergers.

BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- China started to run its own satellite positioning system, Beidou, on Tuesday as the country climbed the global tech ladder and challenged the monopoly of the West. Beidou, or Big Dipper, the domestic version of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), started providing navigation, positioning and timing data on a pilot basis to China and the neighboring area for free on Tuesday, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said. The system, with 10 orbiting satellites, covers an area from Australia in the south to Russia in the north. Signals can reach the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ran said. With six more satellites to be launched next year, the system will cover a wider area and eventually the entire globe by 2020 with a constellation of 35 satellites, he said. The accuracy of the positioning service will also improve as more satellites orbit. During the trial run Beidou can offer positioning to within 25 meters but when the system is officially launched next year accuracy will be enhanced to within 10 meters, he said. With the system operational China is the third member of an elite group, along with the US and Russia, to develop a satellite navigation system. The US spent 20 years and more than billion on the GPS. Completed in 1994, the system has 24 navigation satellites and is widely used around the world. Beidou has its own unique features, Ran said. "It not only tells users where they are and what time it is but also allows users to tell others the information through short messages," Ran said, adding that this feature is being considered by other systems. Russia's Glonass system achieved a 24-satellite constellation in 1996 but succumbed to funding problems. The rebuilding of the Glonass system is almost finished and Russian media reported that the system resumed service earlier this month. The European Union and the European Space Agency are building the Galileo satellite navigation system. Japan and India also intend to build independent regional navigation systems. "Countries build their own systems because owning an independent satellite navigation system is important to economic development and national security," said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication Space International. There have long been concerns that the US might take its dominant GPS offline in certain international emergencies. Ran said that the Beidou system will be "helpful" to national defense. An "independent and controllable" satellite navigation system can guarantee national economic development as well as scientific and industrial strength, he said. China started to reduce its reliance on the GPS in 2000, when it sent an experimental pair of positioning satellites into orbit. But Ran stressed that Beidou is "built for the world", as the compatibility of various systems enhances reliability for users. "If you only use GPS there will be blind spots. But from demonstrations I saw recently, receivers that are compatible with Beidou will overcome these problems," he said. He encouraged enterprises at home and abroad to join the research and development of application terminals compatible with Beidou. The office put a test version of the system's Interface Control Document online on Tuesday, which is a technical document vital for the manufacturing and development of receivers and chips. The prospects for the country's satellite navigation industry look bright, experts said. Analysts estimated that around 2020 the industry's output will reach 0 billion globally, including 400 billion yuan ( billion) to 500 billion yuan from China. According to the 2011 Report on Application of Geosaptial Information in China released on Monday, the number of satellite navigation application terminals in China has grown from less than 100,000 in 2000 to more than 10 million in 2009. The number is expected to reach 340 million by 2015. An insider said a compatible receiver for car use costs 1,600 yuan to 3,000 yuan, higher than a GPS receiver. "Chips supporting both GPS and Beidou systems have been developed, and terminals have been produced. There are no technical hurdles for the industry," said Han Shaowei, CEO of Beijing-based Unicore Communications Inc, a major navigation chip and core component provider. Beidou application terminals have been put into use in vehicles, such as government cars in Guangdong province. Ran said that private terminal makers in Guangdong are testing their receivers on the road, and the products seem stable. "The price of the compatible terminals is expected to be slashed next year," he said.

BEIJING, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- In response to public suspicion stoked by recent dumpling contamination scandals, China's Ministry of Health on Thursday said the new food safety standard for flash-frozen dumplings did not show signs of leniency.The Ministry introduced the new food safety standard on flash-frozen dough or rice products on Thursday.The Ministry has been accused of loosening scrutiny over a disease-generating bacteria in such foods, staphylococcus aureus, or golden staph, which can cause various diseases, including pneumonia and sepsis, and is sometimes life-threatening.The controversy became particularly relevant after several major brands of frozen dumplings have been successively recalled in recent months.In October, a Henan-based company, Zhengzhou Sinian Food Co., Ltd, confirmed the contamination of golden staph in its flash-frozen seafood- and pork-stuffed dumplings.Frozen dumplings made by Hong Kong-based manufacturer Wanchai Ferry were found to contain golden staph in November, and some of its products have been pulled from shelves.The previous standard provided that no golden staph should be tested in such food, while the new one gives a quantitative restriction that the volume of the bacteria should be no more than ten to the fourth degree.Liu Xiumei, a food safety expert with the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at the press conference held by the health ministry that such bacteria becomes inactivate after the food is boiled for a few seconds, and it takes a volume of ten to the fifth degree to generate toxicity.The previous standard could only serve as a general provision due to the lack of quantitative microbiological testing back when it was introduced, Liu said, stressing that the new standard is not a sign that the Ministry has gone soft on bacterial contamination of relevant foods.The new standard will come into effect starting Dec. 21, 2011.

BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Underweight patients may have more possibilities of mortality within 30 days of general and vascular surgery compared with mildly obese patients, according to a research published online in Archives of Surgery Tuesday.Researchers at the U.S. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program conducted the research for the years 2005 and 2006, and assessed the contribution of BMI (Body Mass Index) to 189,533 postsurgeries morbidity and mortality by obesity classes.They found that compared with the middle BMI quintile group, patients with BMI value below 23.1, had greater chances for death. For the highest BMI quintile group, higher mortality rate was also observed.However, the researchers also found that obesity may as well be associated with increased mortality for some individual types of surgeries."These individual types of procedures include procedures with which the general surgeon should have definite experience: colorectal resection, colostomy formation, cholecystectomy, hernia repair, mastectomy, and wound debridement," said George J. Stukenborg, PhD, of the University of Virginia inCharlottesvilleand his colleagues.Based on a 30 –day morbidity and mortality risk calculation, the sample patients were categorized into BMI quintile ranges. BMI value of less than 23.1 was considered as lowest, values from 26.3 to 29.6 considered as the middle quintile, and above 35.2 considered as the highest.Factors such as lack of enough data on nonfatal complications and hospital resources, or examining mortality over the 30-day baseline, may cause limitations and inaccuracy to the research and more studies on a wider range of patients in terms of BMI are needed to further confirm the current conclusion, researchers said.

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, said Wednesday that China will continue its prudent monetary policy next year while making the policy more targeted, flexible and forward-looking.The announcement came after the conclusion of the annual central economic work conference Wednesday morning, which has set economic policy guidelines for the coming year.The central bank will maintain control over the intensity, pace and focus of macroeconomic regulation, make full use of monetary tools, tune up credit supply and promote reasonable growth in social financing, according to a statement posted on its website.The bank will improve credit structure, increase support to key sectors and weak areas, especially to agriculture, small and medium-sized enterprises and affordable housing construction, as well as better serve the real economy.It will continue to perfect its yuan exchange rate formation mechanism, and keep the yuan exchange rates basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level.Meanwhile, the bank will strengthen and improve its foreign exchange management, deepen financial system reforms, prevent and solve financial risks, the statement said.