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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As the world waits for a vaccine against the coronavirus, two San Diego biotechs are teaming up to develop a nasal spray using designer antibodies cloned from COVID-19 survivors.About 70 companies worldwide are working on therapies for COVID-19 using cloned antibodies, according to an estimate by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. A few of these treatments, known officially as monoclonal antibody therapies, have advanced to clinical trials.Most require an injection, but San Diego-based Diomics and its partner Active Motif, based in Carlsbad, are developing a once-a-day spray that could be easily self-administered.Early research suggests the coronavirus primarily enters the body through the nose. The spray, called Dioguard, is designed to coat the lining of the nasal cavity with cloned antibodies that are held in place for 24 hours or more using a proprietary polymer material developed by Diomics.Diomics CEO Anthony Zolezzi said he believes the spray “holds the key to allowing many aspects of life to resume until the day comes when there’s an effective vaccine in widespread use.”Diomics is also developing two tests for COVID-19 antibodies using its polymer beads, including a device that looks like a nicotine patch that is designed to monitor for infections for a week or more.RELATED: How a dot on your forearm could be the future sign of COVID immunityActive Motif is providing the cloned antibodies for the nasal spray. With a lab in Shanghai and other relationships in China, the Carlsbad company was able to clone antibodies from 11 Chinese survivors in February, before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic.When the company started the cloning project, they thought the virus would probably disappear in three to six months, said Active Motif CEO Ted DeFrank. “Then people started realizing, no this is going to be with us for a while.”The plasma from the 11 Chinese patients contained thousands of antibodies, and scientists with Active Motif set about selecting the one that was most effective, dubbed 414-1. The company says it can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus particles with 98 percent effectiveness.Monoclonal antibodies have some similarities to convalescent plasma, which is a complex cocktail of antibodies and other immune molecules drawn from the blood of recovered patients. One of the key differences is that cloned antibodies can be mass produced in a lab.Cloned antibodies have been used in treatments for more than 30 years, primarily for cancer. One such treatment famously helped former U.S. President Jimmy Carter beat melanoma.But of the more than 100 monoclonal antibody therapies licensed for use, only seven are for communicable diseases, according to IAVI.Historically, the treatments have been expensive and difficult to produce, but Diomics said it’s targeting a price of about a spray for Dioguard, roughly per bottle.“We do not want to have huge profits from a pandemic, that’s just wrong,” Zolezzi said. “We’re going to price this as effectively as we can for the masses. We want to get this out to the masses.”Animal testing is about to begin and the companies said they hope to progress to human trials soon. Their goal is to release the spray in early 2021, when a vaccine may be on the market but not yet widely available.If the spray works, it could be adapted to other viruses to help fight future pandemics, Zolezzi said."That’s our real goal," Zolezzi said. "That we never get caught flat-footed like this time." 3526

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As Santa Ana winds move out of the region, a freeze warning was issued for portions of San Diego County.The National Weather Service issued a freeze warning for the county's valleys and deserts from midnight through 10 a.m. Friday. Overnight temperatures dropped into the low 30s, with a few areas seeing temperatures in the mid- to upper 20s.The warning will affect cities including Escondido, El Cajon, San Marcos, La Mesa, Santee, and Poway.RELATED: Winter returns to Southern California mountains 528

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Days after Governor Gavin Newsom signed a new law aimed at child sex abuse, three San Diego women came forward to announce a lawsuit against the Diocese of San Diego. The three women say they were abused by Monsignor Gregory Sheridan as children. Sheridan worked in this diocese for 35 years and is on the diocese’s list of credibly accused abusive priests. This new measure gives survivors of childhood sexual assault, regardless of their age, a three-year “window” to bring a civil lawsuit against any perpetrator and employer or third party that was aware of misconduct that created a risk of childhood sexual assault. The new law also extends the statute of limitations for survivors of childhood sexual assault, giving survivors more time to file civil lawsuits: up to their 40th birthday (previously their 26th birthday) or within five years (previously three years) from the date of discovery of an adult psychological injury caused by the childhood sexual assault. One of the victims told 10News, "It doesn’t mean you don’t love God, doesn’t mean you don’t support your church, it means this priest was a bad apple."10News reached out to the Diocese of San Diego and they sent a statement that reads in part, "There is no crime or sin worse than a priest abusing the young people he is sworn to serve and protect. We pray that victims of sexual abuse receive the help they need to heal." 1422

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - As we continue to work through the pandemic, a couple of Carmel Valley kids are working to spread “some good news” for San Diegans. Brothers Zach and Asher Swazey are putting together their own newscasts.Its called “SGN San Diego.” The newscast is filled with good news.“You want to have something that will affect people in a positive way,” says 13-year-old Zach.The brothers are now working on episode two. They say it was a lot of work putting everything together.“It took us 2-3 weeks,” says ten-year-old Asher. “We went through multiple stages of editing. It took a little of time to make the script and film.”The boys say they were inspired to start SGN San Diego after watching actor and filmmaker John Krasinski on Youtube.The boys say their video is getting more views, but their headline is to make people feel good.“When you’re making a YouTube channel, it’s not about how many likes you get or how many subscribers, it’s how it affects people.”The brothers say their parents are also a big help. If you have any ideas for the boys to put in the newscast, you can send suggestions to somegoodnewssd@gmail.com. 1147

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine begins circulating, there is another big logistical challenge ahead: reminding people to get the second dose.Both vaccines developed by Pfizer and Moderna require two doses spaced several weeks apart. People who get immunized often feel fatigue or soreness shortly after the shot and may experience fever, particularly after the second dose, according to clinical trial data.Doctors say those immediate, short-term side effects are a positive sign the immune system is revving up production.The side effects are similar to that of the shingles vaccine. But studies show about 20 percent of the people who get the shingles vaccine skip the second dose.Experts say if that happens with the COVID vaccines, there could be consequences.The worst-case-scenario is that skipping the second shot could allow the virus to spread and mutate, and potentially build resistance to the vaccines, according to Penn State University biologist David Kennedy.That outcome is considered unlikely, but the World Health Organization announced Monday it detected a new variation of the virus in England, showing the virus is already mutating without the evolution pressure of a mass vaccine program.“Does this make the virus more serious? Does it allow the virus to transmit more easily? Does it interfere with diagnostics? Would it interfere with vaccine effectiveness? These are questions. None of these questions have been addressed yet,” said Dr. Michael Ryan, director of the WHO Health Emergencies Program.When administered in two doses, Pfizer’s vaccine is 95 percent effective at preventing COVID-19 symptoms. The FDA’s review showed the vaccine could be up to 52 percent effective after a single dose, but the data was limited.“I think you could probably say you’re going to have short-lived but incomplete protection,” said vaccine expert Dr. Paul Offit. “Protection from disease but possibly not asymptomatic shedding.”It remains unclear whether people who are fully immunized against the virus can still spread it to others asymptomatically but someone who is only partially immunized may be especially prone to silent spread, according to Offit.When Americans roll up their sleeves to get the COVID-19 vaccine, they’ll get a 4 by 6 inch index card from the CDC noting which brand they got, the lot number, and when they’re due for the second shot.People who get Pfizer’s vaccine need to get a second shot 21 days later. People who get Moderna’s need to wait 28 days for round two.The CDC is encouraging people to photograph their card with their cell phone as a backup, because beyond the index card, the logistics of reminding people about their second dose will vary by state and healthcare provider.In California’s draft vaccination plan from October, the state said it was exploring ways to "systematically text, email, and/or auto-call individuals when their second dose is needed." The California Department of Public Health did not immediately respond to a request for comment about its latest plans.Much of the work may fall to the healthcare providers who administer the shots. Although the vaccine will be free for individuals, the government is paying providers for every first dose they give and for every second dose, a way to incentivize providers to keep close tabs on patients.However, only about 25 percent of the nation’s vaccination providers have systems that can send automated reminders, according to L.J Tan, the chief strategy officer of the Immunization Action Coalition. 3552

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