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The United Kingdom says it will be the first to conduct COVID-19 vaccine human challenge trials.It's different than other vaccine studies. People will be deliberately infected with the virus, which speeds up the research process.Pending approval, the process will start in January at a London hospital. It will require about 90 healthy young adults between the ages of 18 and 30.The group 1 Day Sooner has recruited from all over the world, including 3,000 Britons.“If the vaccine works, then ideally, people don't get infected and if people do, then they will be closely monitored and treated, but because these are young and healthy people taking part in the trial, I think, researchers feel comfortable doing so because the risks of death are on par with something like kidney donation for people who are young and healthy,” said Abie Rohrig with 1 Day Sooner.Before researchers test the vaccine, they'll do a characterization study. That's where volunteers are infected by getting a vaccine to determine the right amount of virus to give during the trial.Because of the risk, 1 Day Sooner is advocating for the entire process to be made public.Results could come in May. Even though that's likely after other COVID-19 vaccines are licensed, it's still important because we need billions of doses and because of the unique data human challenge trials provide.“Researchers can understand how the virus works in the human body. They can understand the biological markers of immunity. In fact, much of our understanding of other types of coronaviruses come from challenge studies that were conducted in the 1960s in Britain,” said Rohrig.Human challenge volunteers are paid and monitored for at least a year after. 1722

The Wisconsin Department of Justice's special agent, Kozak, has been on the job for two and a half months.During that short time, he's accomplished a lot more than any human is capable of. Yes, that's right. Kozak is a four-legged special agent.He's a yellow Labrador that's received four months of training on how to sniff out electronic storage devices: cell phones, thumb drives, tiny memory cards and more.He is one of 30 dogs nationwide trained to smell a chemical compound found inside of these devices. To put it simply, he can smell a glue that humans can't."It's an adhesive that's used in the motherboards of electronic devices that contain storage," said Special Agent Joe Mech, who heads the DOJ's Internet Crimes Against Children division.Mech explained why this canine's job is so essential."Kozak helps us find storage devices that may contain child pornography or child exploitation material," he said.Mech said criminals try to hide the electronic evidence in their homes and sometimes human investigators will overlook them. Kozak sits and huffs when he locates any electronic storage device.But Kozak also works on homicide, drug and missing persons cases, too, anything where electronic storage units are involved.He is deployed all over the state of Wisconsin. Recently, Kozak helped search the home of missing teenager Jayme Closs. Mech said he believed he recovered a tablet in that search.Mech said he's been used eight times so far, recovering 14 devices.Mech said it's too early to tell if the evidence he recovered will help in the cases.So how did the DOJ end up having a dog like this? Kozak's handler, Special Agent Tami Pawlak, said the department has this canine all because of a woman from Pittsburgh, Alicia Kozakiewicz.When she was 13-years-old, a man kidnapped Kozakiewicz and held her hostage, posting videos of her abuse online. Now 30 years old, Kozakiewicz raises awareness about child sexual exploitation online.Alicia's Law passed in many states, including Wisconsin. Money from it provides funding for dogs like Kozak, which can be very expensive. The initial cost of Kozak and his training totals ,000.The DOJ said initial funding from Alicia's Law was million. An additional .5 million was granted for this current biennium."One thousand predators have been arrested in the last two years since Alicia's Law has passed," said Kozakiewicz.In case you are wondering, yes. Kozak is named after Kozakiewicz."Alicia is a warrior, so it was an honor to be able to name our dog after her," said Special Agent Pawlak.One day, Kozakiewicz and Kozak hope to meet."He's going to help so many lives and put so many bad people away," Kozakiewicz said.Kozak is the only dog in Wisconsin doing this type of work. As of right now, the DOJ doesn't have any plans to bring another on board.In the meantime, Kozak found his niche. Pawlak said he was initially trained as a citizen service dog, but because he was so hyper, he flunked out of his course.Another trainer got a hold of him and his high energy and motivation for food made him a perfect fit for his new role.  3168

The threat of a partial government shutdown looms over Washington with just five days to go before funding expires for several government agencies and no agreement yet between Democrats and Republicans over how to resolve a standoff over President Donald Trump's border wall demand.It now looks, however, that Congress will act to extend the rapidly-approaching December 7 deadline.A source briefed on the talks told CNN over the weekend that lawmakers are considering taking up a one-week spending bill to avoid a partial government shutdown by Friday, a move designed to put off a major showdown until after former President George H.W. Bush's funeral proceedings (Congress will be out of session for part of the week because of it).A stop-gap funding measure could temporarily delay a spending showdown. But Democrats and Republicans appeared to be at an impasse over the President's promise of a border wall, raising the question: which side will blink first?Trump wants billion in funding for the wall and Senate Republicans are now weighing the possibility of attempting to allocate billion over the next two years. Any spending bill would need at least some Democratic votes to pass, however, and could not be enacted without some degree of bipartisan support.Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer said last week that Trump should either agree to enact an existing Department of Homeland Security funding bill that has bipartisan support in the Senate and would allocate .6 billion for border security or keep DHS funded for another year via a short-term spending measure known as a continuing resolution.Lawmakers passed a government spending package to fund much of the government prior to the 2018 midterm elections -- so if there is any kind of a shutdown, it would not affect all of the federal government. Funding will run out on December 7 for some government agencies, including the Department of Homeland Security.Trump has so far signaled an openness to a short-term extension. The President told reporters aboard Air Force One that he is willing to extend the deadline for funding the federal government to avoid a government shutdown."If (congressional leaders) come to talk about an extension because of President Bush's passing, I would absolutely consider it and probably give it," Trump said.But a one-week continuing resolution would do little to address the current standoff between Democrats and Republicans over wall funding.The impact of a partial shutdown would nevertheless be disruptive and would invite an immediate political backlash.Democrats and Republicans alike have both said that they don't want a shutdown as the funding deadline nears."We don't believe in shutdowns," House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi told reporters on Friday, saying "we have to" when asked if Congress would avert a shutdown."I don't think anybody wants a government shutdown," North Carolina Republican Rep. Mark Meadows, who chairs the conservative House Freedom Caucus, said on Friday in the Capitol.But, Meadows said, "I do think that there is a real battle coming on the border wall funding," adding, "if the border wall funding is not there, it does increase the possibility of impasse that could lead to a shutdown."The President has warned that it is "possible" there could be a shutdown if Congress does not greenlight the money he wants to see allocated for the wall, which he promised on the campaign trail would be paid for by Mexico."If we don't get border security, possible shutdown," Trump told reporters last Thursday.For now, both sides are gearing up for the possibility that a partial shutdown could take place -- and are getting ready to pin the blame on the opposing party if it happens."Make no mistake: The President is the only person who holds the ultimate responsibility for a government shutdown," Schumer said in a Senate floor speech on Thursday.Republicans still control both chambers of Congress and the White House. That won't change until Democrats take control of the House of Representatives in the new Congress in January. But that won't stop Republicans from trying to cast blame on Democrats if a partial shutdown happens."I don't think the Democrats want to shut down the government over the border security issue. But they might. We'll see," Sen. John Cornyn, the No. 2 Senate Republican, told reporters last week. 4385

The Rev. Pat Conroy, the chaplain at the US House of Representatives, has rescinded his resignation in a letter, obtained by CNN, following a week's worth of lawmakers from both parties questioning House Speaker Paul Ryan's request that Conroy step down."At this time, and upon advice of counsel, I herby retract and rescind said resignation for the reasons that follow," Conroy writes in the letter dated Thursday and addressed to Ryan.Conroy, a Jesuit priest, resigned April 15 after he spent nearly seven years praying at the outset of House sessions. He wrote two versions of his resignation letter, which were also obtained by CNN from a congressional source. In the first version, he wrote that Ryan, who is Catholic, should consult with his chief of staff on a resignation date, but the second version stated his last day would be May 24. 853

The U.S. has now recorded at least 100,000 cases of COVID-19 each day for the last three weeks.On Monday, at least 169,190 new cases of the coronavirus were recorded throughout the U.S., marking 21 consecutive days that the country has seen at least 100,000 new COVID-19 cases.During that time span — dating back to Nov. 2 — the number of people in the country hospitalized with complications from the virus has nearly doubled from 48,557 to 85,836. Currently, about 69% of those hospitalizations are occurring in the South and Midwest, meaning some hospitals in those areas — particularly rural hospitals — are currently operating at capacity.The massive spike in cases has also caused the number of deaths linked to COVID-19 on a rolling 7-day average to nearly doubled from 826 a day to 1,515 a day. The last time the U.S. saw as many deaths per day as it sees now came back in mid-May when the country was still recovering from the virus' silent and uncontained spread in early spring. Over the weekend, the U.S. surpassed 3 million new cases in November alone. The country has recorded 12.4 million cases of COVID-19 since the pandemic began, meaning about one-quarter of all of those cases have occurred this month alone.Despite the bleak outlook on the state of the pandemic in the country, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the county's top expert on infectious diseases, warned Monday that the pandemic could worsen further. He said that if Americans don't follow common-sense public safety measures on Thanksgiving, cases could spike even further in December."The chances are that you will see a surge superimposed on a surge," Fauci said.Fauci recommends limiting Thanksgiving gatherings to members of a single household. He also says Americans need to continue to follow five common public safety measures in order to limit the spread: Adopt uniform mask-wearing, keep social distance, avoid large crowds, gather outdoors as opposed to indoors and continuously wash hands. 1983

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