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BEIJING, July 19 (Xinhuanet) -- Lifestyle changes such as exercise, eating healthily and not smoking could reduce the chances of having Alzheimer’s disease by half, researchers said in a study quoted by news reports Tuesday.Hundreds of thousands of patients could potentially avoid the devastating illness by simply changing bad habits, according to the study published in the journal Lancet NeurologyFor the first time, scientists have calculated the extent to which certain lifestyle traits -- including lack of exercise, smoking and obesity -- all contributed to the disease.Researchers found that in the Western world, an inactive “couch potato” lifestyle was the most important possible cause.Smoking, obesity in middle-age, high blood pressure and diabetes all increased the risk as they cause damage to blood vessels in the brain, leading to death of brain cells. Together, the modifiable risk factors contributed to 50 percent of Alzheimer’s cases worldwide.The researchers want to carry out more work to find out how many people can prevent the disease by making small changes to their lifestyle.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- Researchers have found a way to turn mouse embryonic stem cells into sperm and this finding opens up new avenues for infertility research and treatment, according to a study published Thursday in the online edition of journal Cell,A Kyoto University team coaxed mouse embryonic stem cells into sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), and shown that these cells can give rise to healthy sperm. The researchers say that such in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development represents one of the most fundamental challenges in biology.When transplanted into mice that were unable to produce sperm normally, the stem cell derived PGCs produced normal-looking sperm, which were then used to successfully fertilize eggs. These fertilized eggs, when transplanted into a recipient mother, produced healthy offspring that grew into fertile male and female adult mice. The same procedure could produce fertile offspring from induced pluripotent stem cells that are often derived from adult skin cells."Continued investigations aimed at in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development, including the induction of female primordial germ cell-like cells and their descendants, will be crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of germ cell biology in general, as well as for the advancement of reproductive technology and medicine," the researchers wrote.

People look at a W154 Mercedes Benz racing car at a vintage car show marking the German car maker's 125 anniversary at the former Tempelhof airport in Berlin, August 27, 2011.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- The annual number of new HIV infections in the United States was relatively stable at approximately 50,000 new infections each year between 2006 and 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's first multi- year estimates from its national HIV incidence surveillance find.However, HIV infections increased among young men who have sex with men (MSM) between 2006 and 2009, driven by alarming increases among young, black MSM -- the only subpopulation to experience a sustained increase during the period.According to the new estimates, there were 48,600 new HIV infections in the United States in 2006, 56,000 in 2007, 47,800 in 2008 and 48,100 in 2009. The multi-year incidence estimates allow for a reliable examination of trends over time. They reveal no statistically significant change in HIV incidence overall from 2006 to 2009, with an average of 50,000 for the four-year period. In 2009, the largest number of new infections was among white MSM (11,400), followed closely by black MSM (10,800). Hispanic MSM (6, 000) and black women (5,400) were also heavily affected.The new estimates were published Wednesday in the on-line scientific journal PLoS ONE."More than 30 years into the HIV epidemic, about 50,000 people in this country still become infected each year. Not only do men who have sex with men continue to account for most new infections, young gay and bisexual men are the only group in which infections are increasing, and this increase is particularly concerning among young African American MSM," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden. " HIV infections can be prevented. By getting tested, reducing risky behaviors, and getting treatment, people can protect themselves and their loved ones."

BEIJING, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The nation's drug watchdog on Friday publicized a draft national standard of sulfur dioxide residue in Chinese herbal medicine, which is open for public opinion until Sept. 9 this year.The maximum amount of sulfur dioxide residue is 400 mg in one kg of each of 11 specified kinds of herbal medicine, such as Chinese yams, Gastrodia elata and Codonopsis pilosola, according to the draft standard unveiled by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA).The standard provides a 150-mg-per-kg limit for all other kinds of herbal medicine.Fumigation with sulfur is used as a way of drying some herbal medicine by growers, and currently have no alternative that is both cheap and convenient.The SFDA said it doesn't favor the drying herbal medicine through fumigation with sulfur and urges research efforts to invent new alternatives.According to the World Health Organization, the tolerable maximum amount of sulfur dioxide that a human body can take in one day is 0.7 mg per kg, which means that an adult of 60 kg should not take in more than 42 mg of sulfur dioxide a day.Long-term exposure to high amounts of sulfur dioxide can cause damage to human body, especially the respiratory system, according to experts.