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A new survey shows the COVID-19 pandemic is giving people more faith in science. 3M's State of Science Index was encouraging for scientists and medical professionals, but the results also showed a lack of diversity is a major obstacle in the fields of Science, Technology Engineering and Math or STEM."They did the survey in 2019 and when they came to release the information now in 2020, obviously this whole pandemic had occurred and so they wanted to see if the answers and results had changed. So, they ran the survey again, very quickly. What they found was that this pandemic pulse or the information they found in 2020 in the middle of the pandemic has been just incredible," said Dr. Kate Biberdorf, an Associate Professor at the University of Texas at Austin and a 3M partner.Dr. Biberdorf says amid the pandemic, with scientific research and discoveries front and center, 89 percent of their respondents said they trust science. Pre-pandemic, Dr. Biberdorf says just 24 percent of people said they would speak up and advocate for science. Now, 54 percent said they would. A big difference in less than a year."The main things that just keep standing out to me is that our skepticism is down, our trust is up. We are leaning towards our experts, we’re talking to our scientists," said Dr. Biberdorf.However, the 3M State of Science Index also showed a large portion of Americans were discouraged from getting into STEM-related careers. "One of the questions we asked was, 'Have you ever been discouraged to pursue STEM in any way?' And what we noticed was there was a really interesting trend when it came to our age demographic," said Dr. Biberdorf.Results showed 9 percent of Baby Boomers were discouraged, 24 percent of millennials and 28 percent of Generation Z Americans, which is an upward trend. So, 3M asked why they were discouraged."Globally, the number one answer was just a lack of access to science classes. They just don't have access, they can’t get the acid, they can’t get the science kit. But in the United States, of those who were discouraged to pursue STEM, what we noticed was that our number one answer was inequalities due to gender, race and ethnicity, so that is glaring," said Dr. Biberdorf.Boukham Sriri-Perez is a high school physics teacher at Duncan Polytechnical High School in Fresno, CA. "The majority of my students in my AP Physics class are male and I have very few female students. Last year, I only had one. I believe that it is my responsibility, that I have to be really intentional about how I teach my female students in the class," said Sriri Perez. She says she tries to encourage many of her female students to give them the confidence to go into physics or other science fields and make a huge difference in the world. Sriri-Perez works for Fresno Unified School District, the same district she attended growing up. Sriri-Perez gets emotional recalling how influential and inspiring her own high school science teachers were, but says there was a lot she battled to get to where she is today."However, there’s one piece that I think I had to learn on my own as a female student and as a minority and as a refugee, is that I live in two different cultures," said Sriri-Perez. A culture that she says didn't see women in STEM-related fields. Sriri-Perez says educators can play a huge role in encouraging future STEM leaders who are minorities and women. 3416

A suspected Russian spy was employed for more than a decade at the US Embassy in Moscow before being fired last year, a senior administration official tells CNN.The woman, a Russian national, worked for the US Secret Service for years before she came under suspicion during one of the State Department regional security office's routine security reviews in 2016, the official said.The security office found the woman was having regular, unauthorized meetings with the Russian intelligence service, the FSB.The Guardian first reported the news."We figure that all of them are talking to the FSB, but she was giving them way more information than she should have," the official said. 689

A subject coughing in a cyclic incident. Top view of airborne droplet transmission with and without wearing a surgical mask. The top and bottom figures show the results at 4 s and 5 s, respectively. We consider a surgical mask that exhibits an initial efficiency of ～91%. The cover does not prevent the transport of the saliva droplets entirely away from the subject. Many droplets penetrate the mask shield and some saliva droplet disease-carrier particles can travel more than 1.2 m. For visualization, the droplets were scaled by a factor of 600 compared to their actual size. The environmental conditions are zero wind speed, ambient temperature 20 °C, pressure 1 atm, and relative humidity 50%. The mouth temperature is 34 °C, and the face skin temperature is 32 °C. 779

A survey of parents across the United States estimates that one in 40 children has autism spectrum disorder, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.In other words, the condition was reported in 2.5% of children, representing an estimated 1.5 million kids ages 3 to 17.A report released this year by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated the prevalence at one in 59 children or about 1.7%, based on 2014 data."Prevalence is not growing that rapidly, although the CDC's data suggests it is still growing," Thomas Frazier, chief science officer of the advocacy organization Autism Speaks, said in an emailed statement. He was not involved in the new report."What is happening is that these studies use methods that are a bit more liberal and inclusive than the CDC's methods," Frazier said, adding that he prefers the CDC's numbers but understands "that they are likely a bit conservative."The new study is based on the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, which was conducted by the US Census Bureau and which collected information from parents of more than 50,000 children up to age 17. To be included in the estimate, parents would have had to report that their child had ever received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and that they currently had the condition.The new numbers were also slightly lower than those in the 2017 National Health Interview Survey. It estimated that 2.76% of children had ever received such a diagnosis, which the authors of the new report note is a broader definition.The fact that the new study relies on parental reporting -- which is not validated by health and education records, as in the CDC report -- may be a limitation despite the broad scope of the research, the authors say.Frazier said the 1-in-40 figure is "generally consistent with previous parent surveys and other direct prevalence studies where researchers directly screen for and attempt to identify autism."The parents in the new study also reported more difficulties getting the health care their children need, versus those with Down syndrome, or other behavioral disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder."Though we've seen progress in recent years, this confirms what we know from our parents -- that many children face unacceptable delays in getting a diagnostic evaluation, even after parents, teachers or other caregivers have recognized the signs of autism," Frazier said.In the new study, more than a quarter of children with autism spectrum disorder were taking medication for symptoms related to the condition, and nearly two-thirds have received "behavioral treatments" in the past year, the study says.It also found a higher prevalence for autism spectrum disorder among certain groups such as boys, children of single mothers and households below the federal poverty level, compared with those at least four times above that income threshold.The differences between the new study's numbers and those of the CDC study might be explained by the years they were conducted, the ages of children studied and where they lived, according to the new study.The CDC report was based on data collected from 11 communities across the country but was not necessarily nationally representative, according to that report's co-author Daisy Christensen, surveillance team lead in the developmental disabilities branch of the CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities."Parents know their child best," Christensen, who was not involved in the new report, previously told CNN. "We want to encourage parents to be aware of their child's development, to be aware of the milestones that children achieve."Autism spectrum disorder, a lifelong developmental disability, is characterized by problems with communication and social interaction with accompanying repetitive behavior patterns.The authors note that it's difficult to compare the new report with prior iterations due to updates in how the survey collected its data and how questions were worded."We cannot tell what proportion was explained by internal survey changes rather than external factors," the authors wrote.Still, the report comes as estimated prevalences of the disorder have been rising for decades."Over the '80s and '90s, the diagnostic criteria expanded to include more children," Christensen said, "so I think that's definitely a possibility for the increase that we've seen."In the past, more than half of children identified with autism also had intellectual disability, and now it's about a third, she said. "And that's really consistent with identifying children who are perhaps at the milder end of the spectrum."The new study's authors also note that universal screening recommendations in the 2000s may have led to a rise in prevalence among younger children, for example."Because there is no biological marker, [autism spectrum disorder] is a particularly challenging condition to track," the authors note.But understanding how common it is allows health experts to distribute resources and get families the help they need, according to Frazier."Having prevalence estimates -- even if there is some variation -- helps us to advocate for improved screening, diagnosis, interventions and supports," he said. 5314

A tiff between Boston Celtics' Marcus Morris and Cleveland Cavaliers' Tristan Thompson has turned into one of the most relevant memes yet as it depicts how the current Eastern Conference Finals are going and is a reaction for everything else in life.Morris and Thompson exchanged some words after Thompson knocked him off his feet in the third quarter—prompting Morris to react in the most glorious way. 426

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